Course Catalog

ITAL 0550

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Independent Study

Independent Study
Italian faculty as a group will consider and approve requests by qualified juniors and seniors to engage in independent work. Students must submit a prospectus that includes a bibliography of no less than five sources. Interested students should contact members of the Italian faculty before the end of the preceding term to discuss their project and to see if they are available to direct the Independent Study. Students must submit a prospectus with the department chair by the end of the first week of classesfor fall and spring term approvals, by the end the last week of fall semesterfor winter term approvals. Prior to submission, sufficient advance consultation with project directors is required.Junior students are strongly encouraged to consider independent study as preparation for senior honors thesis work.
Subject:
Italian
Department:
Italian
Division:
Languages
Requirements Fulfilled:
Levels:
Undergraduate

Sections

Spring 2026

ITAL0550A-S26 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S26 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-S26 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-S26 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-S26 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-S26 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Winter 2026

ITAL0550A-W26 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-W26 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-W26 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-W26 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550F-W26 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Fall 2025

ITAL0550A-F25 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F25 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550D-F25 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-F25 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-F25 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Spring 2025

ITAL0550A-S25 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S25 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-S25 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-S25 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-S25 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-S25 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Winter 2025

ITAL0550A-W25 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-W25 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-W25 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-W25 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550F-W25 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Fall 2024

ITAL0550A-F24 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F24 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550D-F24 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-F24 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-F24 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Spring 2024

ITAL0550A-S24 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S24 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-S24 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-S24 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-S24 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-S24 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Winter 2024

ITAL0550A-W24 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-W24 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-W24 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-W24 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550F-W24 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Fall 2023

ITAL0550A-F23 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F23 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550D-F23 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-F23 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-F23 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Spring 2023

ITAL0550A-S23 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S23 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-S23 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-S23 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-S23 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-S23 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Winter 2023

ITAL0550A-W23 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-W23 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-W23 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-W23 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550F-W23 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Fall 2022

ITAL0550A-F22 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F22 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-F22 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-F22 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-F22 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-F22 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Spring 2022

ITAL0550A-S22 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S22 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-S22 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550E-S22 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-S22 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Winter 2022

ITAL0550A-W22 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-W22 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-W22 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-W22 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550F-W22 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Fall 2021

ITAL0550A-F21 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F21 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-F21 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-F21 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-F21 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-F21 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Spring 2021

ITAL0550A-S21 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S21 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-S21 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-S21 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-S21 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-S21 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Winter 2021

ITAL0550A-W21 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-W21 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-W21 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-W21 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550F-W21 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Fall 2020

ITAL0550A-F20 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F20 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-F20 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-F20 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-F20 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-F20 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Spring 2020

ITAL0550A-S20 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S20 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-S20 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-S20 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-S20 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-S20 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Winter 2020

ITAL0550A-W20 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-W20 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-W20 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-W20 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550F-W20 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Fall 2019

ITAL0550A-F19 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F19 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-F19 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-F19 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-F19 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-F19 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Spring 2019

ITAL0550A-S19 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S19 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-S19 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-S19 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550F-S19 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Winter 2019

ITAL0550A-W19 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-W19 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-W19 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-W19 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550F-W19 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Fall 2018

ITAL0550A-F18 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F18 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-F18 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-F18 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550F-F18 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Spring 2018

ITAL0550A-S18 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S18 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550D-S18 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-S18 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-S18 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Winter 2018

ITAL0550A-W18 Independent Study
ITAL0550D-W18 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-W18 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-W18 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-W18 Independent Study

Fall 2017

ITAL0550A-F17 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F17 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550D-F17 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-F17 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-F17 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Spring 2017

ITAL0550A-S17 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S17 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550E-S17 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-S17 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Winter 2017

ITAL0550A-W17 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-W17 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-W17 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-W17 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-W17 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-W17 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-W17 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550H-W17 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Fall 2016

ITAL0550A-F16 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F16 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-F16 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550E-F16 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-F16 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-F16 Independent Study (Sarti)

Spring 2016

ITAL0550A-S16 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S16 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-S16 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550E-S16 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-S16 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Winter 2016

ITAL0550A-W16 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-W16 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-W16 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-W16 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-W16 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-W16 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-W16 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550H-W16 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Fall 2015

ITAL0550A-F15 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F15 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-F15 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550E-F15 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-F15 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-F15 Independent Study (Sarti)

Spring 2015

ITAL0550A-S15 Independent Study
ITAL0550C-S15 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-S15 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-S15 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-S15 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-S15 Independent Study (Sarti)

Winter 2015

ITAL0550A-W15 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-W15 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-W15 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-W15 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-W15 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-W15 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-W15 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550H-W15 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Fall 2014

ITAL0550A-F14 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F14 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-F14 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-F14 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-F14 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-F14 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550H-F14 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Spring 2014

ITAL0550A-S14 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S14 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-S14 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-S14 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-S14 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-S14 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550H-S14 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Winter 2014

ITAL0550A-W14 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-W14 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-W14 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-W14 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-W14 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-W14 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-W14 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550H-W14 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Fall 2013

ITAL0550A-F13 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F13 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-F13 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-F13 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-F13 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-F13 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550H-F13 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Spring 2013

ITAL0550A-S13 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S13 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-S13 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-S13 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-S13 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-S13 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-S13 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550H-S13 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Winter 2013

ITAL0550A-W13 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-W13 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-W13 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-W13 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-W13 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-W13 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-W13 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550H-W13 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Fall 2012

ITAL0550A-F12 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F12 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-F12 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-F12 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550F-F12 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-F12 Independent Study (Chang)

Spring 2012

ITAL0550A-S12 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S12 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550D-S12 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-S12 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-S12 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-S12 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550H-S12 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Winter 2012

ITAL0550A-W12 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-W12 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-W12 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550E-W12 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-W12 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-W12 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550H-W12 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Fall 2011

ITAL0550A-F11 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F11 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550D-F11 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-F11 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-F11 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-F11 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550H-F11 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Spring 2011

ITAL0550A-S11 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S11 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-S11 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-S11 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-S11 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-S11 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-S11 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550H-S11 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Winter 2011

ITAL0550A-W11 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-W11 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-W11 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550E-W11 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-W11 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-W11 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550H-W11 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Fall 2010

ITAL0550A-F10 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F10 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-F10 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-F10 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-F10 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-F10 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-F10 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550H-F10 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Spring 2010

ITAL0550A-S10 Independent Study
ITAL0550C-S10 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550E-S10 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-S10 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-S10 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550H-S10 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Winter 2010

ITAL0550A-W10 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-W10 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-W10 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550E-W10 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-W10 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-W10 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550H-W10 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Fall 2009

ITAL0550A-F09 Independent Study
ITAL0550C-F09 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550E-F09 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-F09 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-F09 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550H-F09 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Spring 2009

ITAL0550A-S09 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S09 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-S09 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-S09 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550F-S09 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-S09 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550H-S09 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Winter 2009

ITAL0550A-W09 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-W09 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-W09 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-W09 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550F-W09 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-W09 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550H-W09 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Fall 2008

ITAL0550A-F08 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F08 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-F08 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-F08 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550F-F08 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-F08 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550H-F08 Independent Study (Barashkov)

Spring 2008

ITAL0550A-S08 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S08 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-S08 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-S08 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-S08 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-S08 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-S08 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550H-S08 Independent Study (Spani)

Winter 2008

ITAL0550A-W08 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-W08 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-W08 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-W08 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550G-W08 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550H-W08 Independent Study (Spani)

Fall 2007

ITAL0550A-F07 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F07 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-F07 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-F07 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-F07 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550G-F07 Independent Study
ITAL0550H-F07 Independent Study (Marini Maio)

Spring 2007

ITAL0550A-S07 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S07 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-S07 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-S07 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550F-S07 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-S07 Independent Study (Carlorosi)
ITAL0550H-S07 Independent Study (Marini Maio)

Winter 2007

ITAL0550A-W07 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-W07 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-W07 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-W07 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550F-W07 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-W07 Independent Study (Carlorosi)

Fall 2006

ITAL0550A-F06 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F06 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-F06 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-F06 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-F06 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-F06 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550G-F06 Independent Study (Carlorosi)

Spring 2006

ITAL0550A-S06 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S06 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-S06 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550D-S06 Independent Study (Marini Maio)
ITAL0550E-S06 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550F-S06 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550G-S06 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Winter 2006

ITAL0550A-W06 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-W06 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550C-W06 Independent Study (Van Order)

Fall 2005

ITAL0550A-F05 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F05 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-F05 Independent Study (Skubikowski)
ITAL0550D-F05 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550E-F05 Independent Study (Van Order)

Spring 2005

ITAL0550A-S05 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S05 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-S05 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550D-S05 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550E-S05 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550F-S05 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550G-S05 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)

Winter 2005

ITAL0550A-W05 Independent Study

Fall 2004

ITAL0550A-F04 Independent Study (Zupan)
ITAL0550B-F04 Independent Study (Carletti)
ITAL0550C-F04 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550D-F04 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550E-F04 Independent Study (Mula)

Spring 2004

ITAL0550A-S04 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-S04 Independent Study (Brancoli Busdraghi)
ITAL0550C-S04 Independent Study (Castronuovo)
ITAL0550D-S04 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550E-S04 Independent Study (Mula)
ITAL0550F-S04 Independent Study (Skubikowski)
ITAL0550G-S04 Independent Study (Van Order)
ITAL0550H-S04 Independent Study (Zupan)

Winter 2004

ITAL0550A-W04 Independent Study

Fall 2003

ITAL0550A-F03 Independent Study
ITAL0550B-F03 Independent Study (Chang)
ITAL0550C-F03 Independent Study
ITAL0550D-F03 Independent Study