Professors: William Nash (American studies and English and American literature) Ellen Oxfeld (sociology/anthropology), James Ralph (history); Associate Professors: William Hart (history); Jessyka Finley (American Studies); Program Coordinator: Rene Brown

This program offers a minor in African American studies to students who complete the following requirements:
(1) The following core courses, designed to offer theoretical perspectives and broad background:
* HIST 0225 African American History
* AMST 0224 Race and Ethnicity in the US
(2) Two of the following courses, which are more focused explorations of a part of the African American experience:
* AMST 0310 Livin for the City
* ENAM/AMST 0252 African American Literature
* HIST/AMST 0226 The Civil Rights Revolution
(3) One advanced, relevant 0400 level course or an independent 0500-level project. Other appropriate courses offered during the fall and spring semesters, or during the winter term, may be substituted for courses in category 2 at the discretion of the program director. The director or minor advisor will also approve courses to count in category 3.

Professors: Armelle Crouzires-Ingenthron (French), Jacob Tropp (history); Associate Professors: Nadia Horning (political science), Michael Sheridan (sociology/anthropology); Assistant Professor: Claudia Cooper (education studies), Damascus Kafumbe (music)

This program offers a minor in African Studies to students who complete the following requirements:

(1) Two of the following courses which focus primarily on Africa:
DANC 0163 From Africa to America: Moving from Our Core
ECON 0327 Economic Development in Africa
FREN 0395 Women's Voices from the Francophone World
FREN 0396 (Re) Constructing Identities in Francophone Colonial and Postcolonial Fiction
FREN 0398 Children and Civil War in Francophone African Literature
FREN 0492 Denunciation and Literature: The Awakening of the Maghreb
GEOG 0226 Geopolitics of Sub-Saharan Africa
HIST 0113 History of Africa to 1800
HIST 0114 History of Modern Africa
HIST 0315 Health and Healing in African History
HIST 0375 Struggles in Southern Africa
HIST 0441 Readings in African History: Environmental History of Africa
HIST 0442 Popular Culture and History in Africa
HIST/GSFS0443 Readings in African History: Women and Gender in African History
MUSC 0236 African Soundscapes
MUSC 0244 African Music and Dance Performance
PSCI 1016 Dictators and Democrats
PSCI 0321 Anglophone versus Francophone Africa (CW)
PSCI 0202 African Politics
PSCI 0431 Seminar on African Government
RELI 0233 Christianity in Africa
SOAN 0232 Anthropology of Continuity and Change in Sub-Saharan Africa
SOAN/IGST 1070 Introduction to Swahili and East African Cultures
SOAN/IGST 1080 Swahili and East African Culture II

(2) Two additional courses, either chosen from group (1) above or from the following courses, which include significant materials on Africa and/or the African Diaspora. When given the option to pursue independent research projects in these courses, students are expected to choose Africa-related topics to contribute to their minor:
ECON 0425 Seminar on Economic Development
ECON 0465 Special Topics in Environmental Economics
FREN 0394 Black and Beur Expression
GEOG 0210 Geographical Perspectives on International Development
HIST 0105 The Atlantic World: 1492-1900
HIST 0109 History of Islam and the Middle East, Since 1453
HIST 0225 African American History
HIST 0263 Religion and Politics in Islamic History
HIST 0427 Diaspora and Exile
HIST/GSFS0438 Readings in Middle Eastern History: Women and Islam
MUSC 1066 The History of the American Negro Spiritual
PGSE 0330 Aesthetics of Urban Poverty in Literature, Film, and Music
PGSE 0375 Colonial Discourse and the "Lusophone World"
PSCI 0209 Local Green Politics
PSCI 0258 The Politics of International Humanitarian Action
PSCI 0330 Comparative Development Strategies
RELI 0150 The Islamic Tradition
RELI 0272 African American Religious History
RELI 0359 Issues in Islamic Law and Ethics: Questions of Life and Death
SOAN 0211 Human Ecology
SOAN 0267 Global Health
SOAN 0468 Success and Failure in Global Health and Development Projects
SOAN 0340 The Anthropology of Human Rights
SOAN/RELI 0353 Islam in Practice: Anthropology of Muslim Cultures

*Courses offered during the winter term may apply to the minor.

(3) One advanced seminar course (0300- or 0400-level, depending on the department), or a relevant, independent 0500-level project (at the discretion of the program director).
Other courses offered during the fall, winter, or spring terms, or at affiliated institutions abroad, may be substituted for the above listed courses at the discretion of the program director. As a general rule, no more than one course from a study abroad program will be counted towards the fulfillment of the minor.

Requirements: A minimum of eleven courses including AMST 0209, AMST 0210, AMST 0400, three AMST electives, four courses in a concentration designed in consultation with a faculty advisor, and AMST 0705 (senior research tutorial). Students writing honors theses will undertake an additional term of independent research and writing (AMST 0710).
Electives: Three AMST electives, two of which must be numbered 0200 or higher. These courses must be listed or cross-listedas AMST courses in the course catalog. Courses may not count toward both the elective and concentration requirements.
Junior Seminar (AMST 0400): Students should normally take this seminar in the Fall of their Junior year. Where compelling circumstances make doing this impossible, arrangements to take the course as a senior may be made with the director of the American Studies program.
Senior Research Tutorial (AMST 0705): Seniors must complete either a one-credit research project and essay of approximately 30 pages, or, if otherwise qualified, a two-credit honors thesis of approximately 70 pages. Equivalent work in other media may be possible. All AMST seniors must enroll in AMST 0705, the senior research tutorial, in the fall of their senior year. This seminar will focus on the development of sophisticated research skills, the sharing with peers of research and writing in progress, and the completion of a substantial research project. Those writing one-credit essays will complete their projects over the course of this tutorial. Students writing two-credit honors theses will complete at least one chapter in the seminar and then continue work on the project over another term (AMST 0710) in consultation with a faculty adviser. To qualify for the writing of an honors thesis, a student must have a GPA of at least 3.5 in courses taken for the major. Faculty will make determinations on the awarding of honors after theses are completed.
Concentrations: Concentrations must bring together coherent clusters of four courses that address particular themes, periods, movements, or modes of thought and expression. In consultation with an advisor and with approval of the program, students will develop an interdisciplinary concentration in one of these areas:
Popular Culture: Students will study popular cultural forms, their reception, and the history of their production in the United States. Courses will especially focus on the conflicts between popular culture as a site of creativity and democratic empowerment on the one hand, and as a product of dominant commercialized cultural industries on the other.
Race and Ethnicity: Students will examine specific groups in depth and in comparison, exploring racialand ethnic history, political struggles, creative and cultural practices, and individualand collective modes of identity formation. By studying how and why racialand ethnic identities have evolved in the United States, students will understand their central place in the formation of the American nation.
Artistic and Intellectual Traditions: Students will focus on literary, religious, philosophical, and social thought and its expression in the United States. They will be encouraged to examine particular currents of thought (e. g. evangelicalism, liberalism, romanticism, modernism, progressivism) or modes of expression (e.g. literature, visual art, or film) that have been important to American culture.
Space and Place: Students will explorethe importance of landscape and place in American culture. Course work may include the study of American regional geography, the historical and aesthetic dimensions of the built environment, the impacts of urban growth, suburbanization, or the imagining of utopian spaces.
Cultural Politics: Students will explorethe relationship between culture, ideology, and the political system. People create meaning about their personal and public lives through cultural practices, but those practices take place within institutional and ideological structures. Relevant courses might explore ethics and religion; political parties and social movements; feminism and gender studies; and representation and visual culture.
Self-Designed Concentration: Self-designed concentrations must be built in close consultation with a faculty advisor and should focus on a cultural theme or interdisciplinary area of inquiry. Potential topics might include: Gender & American Culture; American Environmentalism; Visual Culture; Industrialization of America; and Immigration and Cultural Exchanges.
Joint Major Requirements: Students may major in AMST jointly with another discipline or program. Students must discuss their rationale for doing so with their advisor in AMST and joint majors must be approved by the faculty in AMST. Required courses for a joint major in AMST are: AMST 0209, AMST 0210, AMST 0400, and AMST 0705, and 2 AMST electives.
Minor Requirements: Students may complete a minor in American Studies by taking the following courses: AMST 0210, AMST 0209, AMST 0400, three AMST electives.
Study Abroad for American Studies Majors: The faculty members of the Program in American Studies recognize the benefits of cross-cultural learning and encourage majors to take advantage of study abroad opportunities. Often students returning from study abroad undertake senior work that responds to their cultural learning while abroad. We encourage students to take courses in their study abroad program that focus on the host culture and thereby allow the best opportunity for cultural comparison.
American Studies majors normally take AMST 0400, a required seminar, in the fall semester of their junior year. Under compelling circumstances that leave only the fall available as an option for study abroad, majors may be able to take AMST 0400 in the fall semester of their senior year. Such arrangements must be discussed in advance with, and approved by, the director of the American Studies program. The American Studies program enjoys being host to exchange students from the American studies programs at the Universities of East Anglia and Nottingham in Great Britain.

Requirements: A minimum of eleven courses including AMST 0209, AMST 0210, AMST 0400, three AMST electives, four courses in a concentration designed in consultation with a faculty advisor, and AMST 0705 (senior research tutorial). Students writing honors theses will undertake an additional term of independent research and writing (AMST 0710).
Electives: Three AMST electives, two of which must be numbered 0200 or higher. These courses must be listed or cross-listedas AMST courses in the course catalog. Courses may not count toward both the elective and concentration requirements.
Junior Seminar (AMST 0400): Students should normally take this seminar in the Fall of their Junior year. Where compelling circumstances make doing this impossible, arrangements to take the course as a senior may be made with the director of the American Studies program.
Senior Research Tutorial (AMST 0705): Seniors must complete either a one-credit research project and essay of approximately 30 pages, or, if otherwise qualified, a two-credit honors thesis of approximately 70 pages. Equivalent work in other media may be possible. All AMST seniors must enroll in AMST 0705, the senior research tutorial, in the fall of their senior year. This seminar will focus on the development of sophisticated research skills, the sharing with peers of research and writing in progress, and the completion of a substantial research project. Those writing one-credit essays will complete their projects over the course of this tutorial. Students writing two-credit honors theses will complete at least one chapter in the seminar and then continue work on the project over another term (AMST 0710) in consultation with a faculty adviser. To qualify for the writing of an honors thesis, a student must have a GPA of at least 3.5 in courses taken for the major. Faculty will make determinations on the awarding of honors after theses are completed.
Concentrations: Concentrations must bring together coherent clusters of four courses that address particular themes, periods, movements, or modes of thought and expression. In consultation with an advisor and with approval of the program, students will develop an interdisciplinary concentration in one of these areas:
Popular Culture: Students will study popular cultural forms, their reception, and the history of their production in the United States. Courses will especially focus on the conflicts between popular culture as a site of creativity and democratic empowerment on the one hand, and as a product of dominant commercialized cultural industries on the other.
Race and Ethnicity: Students will examine specific groups in depth and in comparison, exploring racialand ethnic history, political struggles, creative and cultural practices, and individualand collective modes of identity formation. By studying how and why racialand ethnic identities have evolved in the United States, students will understand their central place in the formation of the American nation.
Artistic and Intellectual Traditions: Students will focus on literary, religious, philosophical, and social thought and its expression in the United States. They will be encouraged to examine particular currents of thought (e. g. evangelicalism, liberalism, romanticism, modernism, progressivism) or modes of expression (e.g. literature, visual art, or film) that have been important to American culture.
Space and Place: Students will explorethe importance of landscape and place in American culture. Course work may include the study of American regional geography, the historical and aesthetic dimensions of the built environment, the impacts of urban growth, suburbanization, or the imagining of utopian spaces.
Cultural Politics: Students will explorethe relationship between culture, ideology, and the political system. People create meaning about their personal and public lives through cultural practices, but those practices take place within institutional and ideological structures. Relevant courses might explore ethics and religion; political parties and social movements; feminism and gender studies; and representation and visual culture.
Self-Designed Concentration: Self-designed concentrations must be built in close consultation with a faculty advisor and should focus on a cultural theme or interdisciplinary area of inquiry. Potential topics might include: Gender & American Culture; American Environmentalism; Visual Culture; Industrialization of America; and Immigration and Cultural Exchanges.
Joint Major Requirements: Students may major in AMST jointly with another discipline or program. Students must discuss their rationale for doing so with their advisor in AMST and joint majors must be approved by the faculty in AMST. Required courses for a joint major in AMST are: AMST 0209, AMST 0210, AMST 0400, and AMST 0705, and 2 AMST electives.
Minor Requirements: Students may complete a minor in American Studies by taking the following courses: AMST 0210, AMST 0209, AMST 0400, three AMST electives.
Study Abroad for American Studies Majors: The faculty members of the Program in American Studies recognize the benefits of cross-cultural learning and encourage majors to take advantage of study abroad opportunities. Often students returning from study abroad undertake senior work that responds to their cultural learning while abroad. We encourage students to take courses in their study abroad program that focus on the host culture and thereby allow the best opportunity for cultural comparison.
American Studies majors normally take AMST 0400, a required seminar, in the fall semester of their junior year. Under compelling circumstances that leave only the fall available as an option for study abroad, majors may be able to take AMST 0400 in the fall semester of their senior year. Such arrangements must be discussed in advance with, and approved by, the director of the American Studies program. The American Studies program enjoys being host to exchange students from the American studies programs at the Universities of East Anglia and Nottingham in Great Britain.

The Arabic major requires four years of language study or their equivalent. Majors must also choose one disciplinary concentration: Arabic literature, Arabic linguistics, or a well-defined course of study with a focus on the Arab world. Each disciplinary concentration requires the completion of at least three content courses, including one introductory methods course specific to the chosen discipline.Majors are also required to prepare a project or a thesis for their senior capstone experience.

Major in Arabic: (Minimum number of courses: 13, including required senior work)

Students majoring in Arabic must take:

1) Arabic language through ARBC 0302 or the equivalent: ARBC 0101, ARBC 0102, ARBC 0103, ARBC 0201, ARBC 0202, ARBC 0301, ARBC 0302;

2) Two courses in Arabic at the 0400-level, at least one of which is taken at Middlebury Colleges Vermont campus. Arabic 0400-level courses taken at a Middlebury school abroad site require departmental approval of the syllabus and a dossier of all written work (normally consisting of at least two exams and eight typed pages of Arabic);

3) One of the following:

a. ENAM 0205, plus two additional courses in Arabic literature taken at Middlebury Colleges Vermont campus (for students pursuing senior work in literature);

or

b. One of LNGT 0101, LNGT 0102 or LNGT 0109, plus two additional courses in Arabic linguistics taken at Middlebury Colleges Vermont campus (for students pursuing senior work in linguistics);

or

c. Students may structure their own disciplinary focus within the Arabic major in consultation with their major advisor by providing a well-defined course of study that must include (i) one introductory methods course specific to the chosen discipline (in English); and (ii) two disciplinary electives bearing the ARBC prefix (in Arabic or English), taken at Middlebury Colleges Vermont campus.

4) Students must spend at least one semester at a Middlebury school abroad site.The Arabic Department strongly recommends that students spend a full year abroad. Students studying abroad for a full academic year may count at most one course taken abroad towards the disciplinary elective requirements, subject to prior approval of their major advisor and contingent upon submission of the syllabus and a dossier of all written work (normally consisting of at least two exams and six typed pages of Arabic).

A major may count 400-level courses towards the fulfillment of the disciplinary electives once the 400-level language course requirement in #2 is complete.

Senior Work: Majors are required to prepare a one-term senior project (ARBC 0700), or a two-term thesis (ARBC 0700/0701, taken in Fall and Winter or Winter and Spring). Senior projects and theses may be written in English, but must demonstrate significant use of Arabic sources. Senior theses will include a 2000-word summary in Arabic.

Departmental honors are determined by a combination of thesis grade andgrade point average in courses taken at the Arabic Program at Middlebury College, the Middlebury summer Arabic School, and Middlebury Colleges study abroad sites.

Joint Major:Joint majors with other departments must: 1) complete Arabic language coursework through ARBC 0302 or the equivalent prior to the commencement of senior work, 2) take, at Middlebury Colleges Vermont campus, two courses related to Arabic literature, Arabic linguistics, or another well-defined disciplinary focus in consultation with their Arabic advisor, and 3) complete a senior project that explicitly engages the scholarly methodologies of both departments.

Minors in Arabic: The Arabic Department offers two minors.

(a) The Arabic Minor requires 1) studying Arabic language through ARBC 0302 or the equivalent; and 2) taking two other courses related to Arab culture (cinema, literature, pop-culture, etc.) or Arabic linguistics. Only one of the two courses on Arab culture or Arabic linguistics may be taken abroad. (See above for guidelines regarding courses taken at schools abroad and at the summer Language Schools.)

(b) The Minor in Arabic Studies requires taking five courses with the ARBC prefix, excluding ARBC 0101, 0102, 0103, 0201, 0202, 0301, and 0302.

Requirements for the Biology Major: Requirements for the biology major encourage both breadth across the subdisciplines of biology as well as depth in at least one subdiscipline. The introductory sequence includes two courses, BIOL 0140 Ecology and Evolution and BIOL 0145 Cell Biology and Genetics, both of which are designed for students in their first year at the college who are considering a major in the life sciences, or for whom an in-depth coverage of the life sciences is of interest.

Requirements for the twelve course biology major are as follows:

BIOL 0140Ecology and Evolution
BIOL 0145Cell Biology and Genetics
BIOL 0211 Experimental Design and Data Analysis

Two organismal courses from among BIOL 0201 Invertebrate Biology, BIOL 0202 Comparative Vertebrate Biology, BIOL 0203 Biology of Plants, and BIOL 0310 Microbiology.

A college-level chemistry course with laboratory [NOTE: AP credit in chemistry or a bypass examination cannot be used to satisfy this requirement].

Six biology electives from the 0200-0701 level, with the following restrictions: (a) at least two electives must include a laboratory section; and(b) no more than one semester of independent research (BIOL 0500, BIOL 0700, or BIOL 0701) may count as elective credit toward the major.

Guidelines and Restrictions Relevant to the Selection of Courses for the Major:
It is expected that the core courses (BIOL 0140 and BIOL 0145)will be completed by the end of the third semester. BIOL 0140 is not open to seniors & second semester juniors in the Fall.

Students with strong high school preparation may take theBIOL 0140or BIOL 0145 placement exam and if successful will be permitted to take 0200 and 0300-level courses.

Except for transfer students, BIOL 0140 and BIOL 0145 must be taken at Middlebury College.

The course in experimental design and data analysis (BIOL 0211) should be taken by the end of the sophomore year.

Departmental courses offered with laboratories must be taken with the laboratory to satisfy major or joint major requirements.

Electives may include only one semester of independent research (BIOL 0500, BIOL 0700, or BIOL 0701), and two winter term courses designated for major credit (not including BIOL 0211).

A maximum of three courses taken off campus may be credited toward completion of the major or joint major. This includes courses taken at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole. No BIOL 0500, BIOL 0700, or BIOL 0701 will be granted for independent study projects conducted during off-campus study programs.

Except for transfer students, off-campus biology courses must be beyond the introductory level.

When a course is offered at Middlebury with a lab or prerequisites, an equivalent off-campus course must also include a lab or prerequisites.

Requirements for a Minor in Biology: BIOL 0140 and BIOL 0145, and three elective courses from 0200-, 0300-, and 0400-level courses in the department. One of the electives must be an organismal course (BIOL 0201, 0202, 0203, or 0310), AND one of which must be at the 0300 or 0400 level.

Guidelines and Restrictions for the Minor:
Except for transfer students, BIOL 0140andBIOL 0145 must be taken at Middlebury College.

The three electives need to be related thematically.

When a course is offered at Middlebury with a lab or prerequisites, an equivalent off-campus course must also include a lab or prerequisites.

Transfer credit for a course will be given only after the department chair reviews the course material upon a student's return to campus. (See guidelines for transfer credit.)

Joint Major: The Department of Biology does not offer a joint major other than the joint major in Biology and Environmental Studies described below.

Requirements for the Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Major: See the listing for the Program in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry for a description of this major.

Requirements for the Neuroscience Major: See the listing for the Program in Neuroscience for a description of this major.

Requirements for the Joint Major with Environmental Studies: See the listing for the conservation biology focus under the Program in Environmental Studies.

Graduate or Professional Training: Students considering graduate or professional school in the life sciences should note that many programs require a year of introductory chemistry, a year of organic chemistry, a year of physics, and a year of calculus for admission. Students are therefore strongly encouraged to meet with their faculty advisors early in their undergraduate career so the advantages of taking additional courses in the natural sciences can be discussed.

Departmental Honors: Students with an average of 3.5 or higher in departmental courses other than BIOL 0500, BIOL 0700, and BIOL 0701 are eligible for departmental honors, for which successful completion of BIOL 0701 is also required (see below). The Biology Department awards two levels of honors: honors and high honors.

Criteria for Honors: Students with an average of 3.5 or higher in departmental courses (other than BIOL 0500, BIOL 0700, and BIOL 0701) and a grade of A- or above on their thesis will be awarded honors.

Criteria for High Honors: High honors will be awarded to students who meet all of the criteria for honors and who, in addition, have completed theses of exceptionally high quality. Determination of honors or high honors is based on a formal recommendation from the thesis committee, and requires the approval of the Biology Department faculty.

The thesis process is described in detail in the Student & Faculty Research portion of the departmental website, and all students interested in conducting thesis research should read that section of the website in detail. Normally, research for thesis projects begins during the first term of a student's senior year (or during the preceding summer). Students interested in field research should talk with a faculty member by winter term of their junior year. All other prospective thesis students should consult with prospective advisors concerning possible thesis projects by spring term of their junior year. Thesis projects must be of at least two terms' duration (one term of BIOL 0500 or BIOL 0700 and one of BIOL 0701) and result in the production of a written thesis, a public presentation of the thesis research, and an oral defense of the thesis before a committee of at least three faculty members, two of whom must be Biologyfaculty.With instructor approval, independent research conducted during the summer may be considered as a substitute for the first term of the project. In such cases, the off-campus work would satisfy the BIOL 0500 or BIOL 0700 prerequisite for enrollment in BIOL 0701, but would not itself be credit-bearing. The thesis grade reflects performance in all aspects of the thesis process. Note that although completion of a thesis is one prerequisite for receiving honors, students may undertake a thesis regardless of whether they meet the other criteria for honors.

Advanced Placement Credit: Middlebury College grants one college credit for a score of 5 on the biology advanced placement exam. However, because the biology department does not offer any introductory course that is the equivalent of an AP biology course, advanced placement credit does not exempt a student from any of the published requirements for the major, minor, or joint majors, nor can it satisfy the college's distribution requirement.Placement exams for BIOL 0140 and 0145 are offered before each semester. Passing these placement exams allows students to enroll in classes for which BIOL 0140 or 0145 is a prerequisite. (NOTE: Students may only take a bypass exam once.)

International Baccalaureate (IB): Students who have or anticipate applying IB credit to completion of the Middlebury College degree and who plan toenroll inBiology courses during their undergraduate career must first take the Biology Department bypass exams (for BIOL 0140 and BIOL 0145) in order to determine proper placement. (NOTE: Students may only take a bypass exam once.)

Off-Campus Study: Students interested in taking biology courses off campus are strongly encouraged to discuss their plans with theiradvisor early in their college careers. Students should see the "Guidelines and Restrictions" section under the requirements heading for the biology majorto learn more about obtaining transfer credit. Students seeking approval for biology courses taken off campus should be prepared, upon their return, to document course content with syllabi and class notes.

I. Majors: Students can elect to major in chemistry, biochemistry, environmental chemistry (joint major), or molecular biology and biochemistry.

II. Course Requirements:

Chemistry:MATH 0121*, MATH 0122*, PHYS 0109*, PHYS 0110 or PHYS 0111, CHEM 0103*, CHEM 0104 (or CHEM 0107), CHEM 0203 (or CHEM 0241), CHEM 0204 (or CHEM 0242), CHEM 0311, and either CHEM 0351 or CHEM 0355, and twoelectives chosen, with an advisors approval, from 0200-, 0300- or 0400- courses the Chemistry and Biochemistry Department or GEOL 0323. Independent study courses (CHEM 0400, CHEM 0500, CHEM 0700, or CHEM 0701) cannot count as electives.
Honors in Chemistry:MATH 0121*, MATH 0122*, PHYS 0109*, PHYS 0110 or PHYS 0111, CHEM 0103*, CHEM 0104 (or CHEM 0107), CHEM 0203 (or CHEM 0241), CHEM 204 (or CHEM 0242), CHEM 0311, CHEM 0312, CHEM 0351, CHEM 0355, CHEM 0431, CHEM 0400, CHEM 0701.
Biochemistry:MATH 0121*, MATH 0122*, PHYS 0109*, PHYS 0110 or PHYS 0111, CHEM 0103*,CHEM 0104 (or CHEM 0107), CHEM 0203 (or CHEM 0241), CHEM 204 (or CHEM 0242), CHEM 0313, CHEM 0322, and two electives chosen, with an advisors approval, from 0200-,0300- or 0400-level courses in the Chemistry and Biochemistry Department or BIOL 0314. Independent study courses (CHEM 0400, CHEM 0500, CHEM 0700, or CHEM 0701) cannot count as electives.
Honors in Biochemistry:MATH 0121*, MATH 0122*, PHYS 0109*, PHYS 0110 or PHYS 0111, CHEM 0103*, CHEM 0104 (or CHEM 0107), CHEM 0203 (or CHEM 0241), CHEM 204 (or CHEM 0242), CHEM 0311, CHEM 0313, CHEM 0322, CHEM 0355, CHEM 0425, CHEM 0400, CHEM 0701.
Environmental Chemistry: See the listing for the Environmental Chemistry focus under the Program in Environmental Studies. http://www.middlebury.edu/academics/es/requirements

Molecular Biology and Biochemistry: See Program in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry. http://www.middlebury.edu/academics/mbb

*Students may receive credit for courses indicated by an asterisk with a satisfactory score on the advanced placement examination for that subject. Students who have scored a 4 or 5 on the advanced placement examination in chemistry are awarded a course credit for CHEM 0103 and may enroll in CHEM 0107 (strongly encouraged) or CHEM 0104. Students who do not have an AP score of 4 or 5, but have a strong background in chemistry should take the departments online placement examination to determine if they are prepared for CHEM 0104 or CHEM 0107. Those students who achieve a satisfactory score on the placement examination will be encouraged to register for CHEM 0104 or CHEM 0107, but will not receive credit for CHEM 0103.

III. Independent Research and Senior Thesis Program: Many students participate in independent research (CHEM 0500 or CHEM 0700) or complete senior thesis projects (CHEM 0400 and CHEM 0701). Students who are interested in completing a senior thesis project should meet with their academic advisor for guidance in seeking a research advisor no later than winter term of their junior year. Although required for departmental honors, students may also participate the senior thesis program without pursuing honors and the associated coursework.

IV. Eligibility for Honors in Chemistry or Biochemistry: Students who successfully complete the honors courseworkincluding the senior thesis programwith a minimum grade point average of 3.20 are awarded departmental honors. High Honors may be awarded at the discretion of the department and the thesis committee to students who demonstrate exceptional achievement in both the thesis program and departmental course work.

V. Recommended Programs of Study: Several coursework options for students considering chemistry or biochemistry as a major are shown below. Although students may deviate from these guides, it is strongly recommended that all prospective majors complete CHEM 0104 or CHEM 0107 by the end of their first year and the calculus (MATH 0121 and 0122) and physics (PHYS 0109 and 0110 or 0111) courses by the end of their second year. Completing CHEM 0203 as early as possible provides the maximum flexibility both within the major and for other academic interests, including study abroad.

Chemistry
First Year:
Fall: CHEM 0103, MATH 0121
Spring: CHEM 0104, MATH 0122
OR
Fall: CHEM 0104 or CHEM 0107, MATH 0121
Spring: MATH 0122 (consider CHEM 0203)

Sophomore Year:
Fall: CHEM 0203, PHYS 0109
Spring: CHEM 0204, PHYS 0110 or PHYS 0111

Junior Year:
Fall: CHEM 0311, CHEM 0351*
Spring: *(OR CHEM 0355)

Senior Year:
Fall: elective
Spring: elective

Biochemistry
First Year:
Fall: CHEM 0103, MATH 0121
Spring: CHEM 0104, MATH 0122
OR
Fall: CHEM 0104 or CHEM 0107, MATH 0121
Spring: MATH 0122 (consider CHEM 0203)

Sophomore Year:
Fall: CHEM 0203, PHYS 0109
Spring: CHEM 0204, PHYS 0110 or PHYS 0111

Junior Year:
Fall: CHEM 0322
Spring: CHEM 0313

Senior Year:
Fall: elective
Spring: elective

Chemistry with honors
First Year:
Fall:CHEM 0103, MATH 0121
Spring:CHEM 0104, MATH 0122
OR
Fall: CHEM 0104 or CHEM 0107, MATH 0121
Spring: MATH 0122 (consider CHEM 0203)

Sophomore Year:
Fall:CHEM 0203, PHYS 0109
Spring:CHEM 0204, PHYS 0110 or PHYS 0111

Junior Year:
Fall:CHEM 0311, CHEM 0351
Spring:CHEM 0312, CHEM 0355

Senior Year:
Fall:CHEM 0400, CHEM 0431
Spring:CHEM 0701

Biochemistry with honors
First Year:
Fall:CHEM 0103, MATH 0121
Spring:CHEM 0104, MATH 0122
OR
Fall: CHEM 0104 or CHEM 0107, MATH 0121
Spring: MATH 0122 (consider CHEM 0203)

Sophomore Year:
Fall:CHEM 0203, PHYS 0109
Spring:CHEM 0204, PHYS 0110 or PHYS 0111

Junior Year:
Fall:CHEM 0311, CHEM 0322
Spring:CHEM 0313, CHEM 0355

Senior Year:
Fall:CHEM 0400, CHEM 0425
Spring:CHEM 0701

Full Major:
I. Required Courses:

• CHNS 0101 through CHNS 0302 (or equivalent)
• Four additional courses from among: CHNS 0219, CHNS 0220, CHNS/FMMC 0250, CHNS 0270, CHNS 0325, CHNS 0330, CHNS 0340, CHNS 0350, CHNS 0370 (At least one of the four must be in pre-modern literature and at least one must be in modern literature or culture. At least one of the four must be at 0300 level course in literature in translation, which ideally should be done before the thesis is completed)
• CHNS 0411 (The equivalent may be taken during study abroad)
• CHNS 0425, CHNS 0426, or CHNS 0412 (the equivalent to CHNS 0412 may be taken at the Middlebury Chinese School, or during study abroad)
• CHNS 0475
• Either CHNS 0700 or CHNS 0701 and CHNS 0702

II. Senior Work:
Full majors in Chinese are required to complete either CHNS 0701 and CHNS 0702 (Senior Honors Thesis) or CHNS 0700 (Senior Essay or Translation Project). CHNS 0701 and CHNS 0702 is a one-semester plus J-term sequence that should normally be taken during the fall and J-term. CHNS 0700 is a one-semester course that may be taken during the fall or winter. The Chinese department discourages students from postponing completion of senior work until the final semester of full-time study.
Joint majors in Chinese are encouraged but not required to do a senior thesis (CHNS 0701 and CHNS 0702) or project (CHNS 0700). A joint thesis or project should, when feasible, combine the two fields of study of the joint major.
All senior work, whether CHNS 0700 or CHNS 0701 and CHNS 0702, must include a major focus on work with primary sources in Chinese. All senior work should focus on Chinese literature; qualified students may petition the Chair for permission to do senior work on other aspects of Chinese culture (e.g., film or linguistics).
Senior Honors Thesis: To be eligible for the CHNS 0701 and CHNS 0702 Senior Honors Thesis, students majoring in Chinese (full, double or joint) must have completed language study through at least CHNS 0302 (or equivalent), taken at least two Chinese literature/culture courses, and maintained an average of B+ or better in Chinese department courses. Complete guidelines for the completion of the CHNS 0701 and CHNS 0702 thesis (and the CHNS 0700 project) are available from the Chinese Department.
Departmental Honors: Both full and joint majors may qualify for honors. Eligibility for departmental honors in Chinese requires completion of a senior honors thesis graded B+ or better and a grade point average of B+ (3.35) or higher in all courses taken that satisfy or could potentially satisfy the requirements for the major as listed above (full) and below (joint), including courses taken in the summer in the Chinese School and/or during study abroad. Only courses that satisfy or could potentially satisfy major requirements count toward honors (i.e., courses taken abroad that do not fall into this category do not count) and all such courses count (e.g., if more than four courses toward major requirement {b} are taken, all count). The department may award honors for completion of an exceptionally impressive senior essay or translation project that is graded A if the student has an average of B+ or higher in all qualifying courses (as defined above). High honors will be awarded for a grade point average of 3.5 or higher in all qualifying courses (as define above) and a senior thesis of A- or better. Highest honors are reserved for students who earn a grade of A on the senior thesis and who have an average of 3.75 or higher in all qualifying courses (as defined above).

Joint Major:
I. Required Courses:

• CHNS 0101 through CHNS 0302 (or equivalent);
• Either CHNS 0411 (the equivalent may be taken in the summer at the Middlebury Chinese School or, with prior approval, during study abroad) or CHNS 0425;
• Four additional courses from among: CHNS 0219, CHNS 0220, CHNS/FMMC 0250, CHNS 0270, CHNS 0325, CHNS 0330, CHNS 0340, CHNS 0370, CHNS 0412, CHNS 0426, CHNS 0475, at least one of which must be at the 0300or 0400 level.

Minor:
I. Required Courses:

• Four courses from among CHNS 0101 or CHNS 0102 (not both), CHNS 0103, CHNS 0201, CHNS 0202, CHNS 0301, CHNS 0302, CHNS 0400, CHNS 0411, CHNS 0412, CHNS 0425, CHNS 0426, and CHNS 0475 (in this way, all students increase their language proficiency, regardless of the level at which they start their study).
• Plus three courses from among CHNS 0219, CHNS 0220, CHNS 0250, CHNS 0270, CHNS 0325, CHNS 0330, CHNS 0340, CHNS 0350, CHNS 0370, CHNS 0411, CHNS 0412, CHNS 0425, CHNS 0426, and CHNS 0475. One course must be in literature in either Chinese or English (the following are literature courses: CHNS 0219, CHNS 0220, CHNS 0325, CHNS 0330, CHNS 0340, CHNS 0370, CHNS 0412, and CHNS 0475).
• A single course may be counted toward only one category.
• The equivalent of CHNS 0411 and/or CHNS 0412 may be taken abroad. A "one-on-one" course in literature or culture taken abroad may count toward the second category if approved by the Department Chair before study abroad. No other courses taken abroad may be counted toward the second category.

International and Global Studies Major with Chinese Language: Along with other required courses and senior work as described in the International and Global Studies major section, the Chinese language component of an IGS major requires completion of the following: 1) completion of CHNS 0202 or the equivalent (students are strongly encouraged to complete CHNS 0302 or the equivalent before study abroad, preferably in the summer Chinese School); 2) one semester at one of the three C.V. Starr-Middlebury College Schools in China; 3) upon return from China, any two of the following: CHNS 0411, 0412, 0425, 0426, or 0475.

To specialize in the Chinese Literature/Culture discipline within the International and Global Studies major (an option only for students who will graduate in 2015 or 2016)students must take: any five of the following: CHNS 0219, CHNS 0220, CHNS/FMMC 0250, CHNS/LNGT 0270, CHNS 0325, CHNS 0330, CHNS 0340, CHNS 0350, CHNS 0370, CHNS 0412, CHNS 0475 (one literature course taken during study abroad may be counted toward this requirement).

Required for the major in Classics:
A. Ten courses in two languages: Greek and Latin (normally six in one language and four in the other) including one senior seminar (CLAS 0420).
B. CLAS 0150 Ancient Epic Poetry
C. Two additional courses in classics in translation, one from each of the following categories:
1. CLAS/HIST 0131 Archaic and Classical Greece or CLAS 0151 Introduction to Ancient Greek Literature or CLAS 0152 Greek Tragedy or CLAS 0190 Greek and Roman Comedy or CLAS/PHIL 0275 Greek Philosophy: The Problem of Socrates
2. CLAS/HIST 0132 History of Rome or CLAS 0140 Augustus and the World of Rome or CLAS 0143 The Rise and Fall of the Roman Republic or CLAS 0144 Literature of the Roman Empire or CLAS 0190 Greek and Roman Comedy or CLAS/PHIL 0276 Roman Philosophy
D. CLAS 0701 History of Classical Literature: General Examination for Classics/Classical Studies Majors
Optional: CLAS 0700 Senior Essay (fall/winter or winter/spring), CLAS 0505 Independent Senior Project (fall or spring). (Note: Students who wish to do an optional senior essay or independent senior project must secure the sponsorship of a member of the classics department in the semester before the essay or project is to be undertaken.)
Honors: B+ average or better in courses taken for the major (excluding senior work). B+ or better in the General Examination (CLAS 0701) and in the Senior Seminar (CLAS 0420). (Note: A student who does an optional senior essay or independent senior project may arrange with the chair, in the semester prior to undertaking the project, to offer that grade in lieu of the grade for CLAS 0420 for the calculation of departmental honors.)
Joint Major: Students interested in a joint major in Classics and another discipline should consult the chair. The joint major in Classics typically requires ten courses in Greek and Latin (normally six in one language and four in the other); CLAS 0701, and senior work that combines Classics with the other major.

Required for the Minor in Classics: The minor in classics may be configured in one of the following four ways:
1. Latin CLLA: Five courses in Latin
2. Greek CLGR: Five courses in Greek
3. Classical Civilization CLCC: Five courses, as follows: three or more courses chosen from CLAS/HIST 0131, CLAS/HIST 0132, CLAS 0140, CLAS 0143, CLAS 0144, CLAS 0149, CLAS0150, CLAS 0151, CLAS 0152, CLAS 0190, CLAS/LITP 0230, INTD 0250, CLAS/RELI 0262, CLAS/PHIL 0275, CLAS/PHIL 0276, CLAS/HIST 0331, CLAS/HIST 0332, or CLAS/HIST 0337; and CLAS 0420 or CLAS 0450 (or both).
4. Classical Language and Civilization CLCL: Five courses, as follows: two or more courses in Latin or Greek; one or more courses chosen from CLAS/HIST 0131, CLAS/HIST 0132, CLAS 0140, CLAS 0143, CLAS 0144, CLAS 0149, CLAS/CMLT 0150, CLAS 0151, CLAS 0152, CLAS/CMLT 0190, CLAS/LITP 0230, CLAS/RELI 0262, INTD 0250, CLAS/PHIL 0275 or CLAS 0276; and one or more courses chosen from CLAS/HIST 0331, CLAS/HIST 0332, CLAS/HIST 0337, CLAS 0420, or CLAS/CMLT 0450.
AP credit policy: One course credit toward graduation, not toward the major or minor, will be granted for one AP exam in Latin under the following conditions: a) The student has received a grade of 4 or 5 on the AP exam, and b) The student has completed an advanced course (LATN 0201 or above) in Latin at Middlebury with a grade of B+ or above. (Note: No more than one course credit will be granted, whether the student presents one or two AP exams.)
Study Abroad Guidelines: Study abroad in the Mediterranean can enrich our majors' experience of the ancient world, because it affords them the opportunity to see the places that they have been learning about in the classroom. Students also find it stimulating to be surrounded by people with similar interests from other institutions. Thus, while our curriculum does not in any way necessitate study abroad, the faculty is happy to work with students who wish to pursue it as part of their Middlebury degree in classics or classical studies.
For those students who want to go abroad, we strongly recommend a semester rather than a year. The three programs we endorse are the ICCS (the Inter-Collegiate Consortium for Classical Studies in Rome), CYA (College Year in Athens), and Arcadia (also in Athens), all of which offer semester-long programs. Admission to the ICCS in particular, however, is highly competitive, and students may have a compelling academic rationale for studying elsewhere. Accordingly, we have also approved students who wished to study for a semester at foreign universities with strong classics departments. These have included Trinity College Dublin, the University of Edinburgh, Cambridge University, and the University of Vienna. For some students, a rewarding alternative to study abroad during the academic year has been participation in a summertime archaeological excavation.
We discourage students from going abroad before they have had at least three semesters of whichever ancient language(s) they are learning. As part of their program of study abroad, students normally take at least one course in each ancient language of study, and select additional courses that are appropriate substitutes for courses in the major. In order to be fully prepared for senior work, however, students will need to have completed a significant portion of the courses required for the major, in particular CLAS 0150, before going abroad.
Generally speaking, we are as flexible as we can be in helping majors to identify courses in programs abroad that allow them to stay in step with their cohort in Middlebury and to be prepared for senior work. Unless we are familiar with the institution, the instruction, and the content of the courses, we rarely grant credit to non-majors for classics courses taken away from Middlebury. In all cases (majors, non-majors, potential majors, and minors), students must consult with a member of the classics department before leaving Middlebury to plan and receive approval for work done at other institutions.

Required for the major in Classical Studies (CLST):

A. The following:

1. CLAS/CMLT 0150 Ancient Epic Poetry

2. CLAS/HIST 0131 Archaic and Classical Greece or CLAS 0151 Introduction to Ancient Greek Literature or CLAS 0152 Greek Tragedy or CLAS/CMLT 0190 Greek and Roman Comedy or CLAS/PHIL 0275 Greek Philosophy: The Problem of Socrates

3. CLAS/HIST 0132 History of Rome or CLAS 0140 Augustus and the World of Rome or CLAS 0143 Texts & Contexts in Republican Rome or CLAS 0144 Literature of the Roman Empire or CLAS 0190 Greek and Roman Comedy or CLAS/PHIL 0276 Roman Philosophy

B. Three additional courses in Classical Studies chosen from the following:

CLAS/HIST 0131 Archaic and Classical Greece

CLAS/HIST 0132 History of Rome

CLAS 0140 Augustus and the World of Rome

CLAS 0143 The Rise and Fall of the Roman Republic

CLAS 0144 Literature of the Roman Empire

CLAS 0149 Rhetoric and Politics from Ancient Greece and Rome to the Present

CLAS 0151 Introduction to Ancient Greek Literature

CLAS 0152 Greek Tragedy

CLAS/CMLT 0190 Greek and Roman Comedy

CLAS/LITP 0230 Myth and Contemporary Experience

CLAS/HARC 0234 Ancient Roman City: Pompeii and BeyondCLAS/HARC 0236 Cities of Vesuvius

CLAS/PHIL 0275 Greek Philosophy: The Problem of Socrates

CLAS/PHIL 0276 Roman Philosophy

CLAS/HIST 0331 Sparta and Athens

CLAS/HIST 0332 Roman Law

CLAS/HIST 0337 From Alexander to Rome

HARC 0213 Roman Art and Architecture

HARC 0221 Greek Art and Archaeology

HARC 0223 The Classical Tradition in Architecture: A History

HARC 0312 Of Gods, Mortals, and Myths: Greek and Roman Painting

HARC 0320 Hands-on Archaeology: Theory and Practice

CLAS/THEA 0250 Greek Drama in Performance

MATH 0261 History of Mathematics

PHIL 0201 Ancient Greek Philosophy

PHIL 0302 Philosophy of Plato

PHIL 0303 Philosophy of Aristotle

RELI 0381/CLAS 0308 Seminar in the New Testament

PSCI 0101 Introduction to Political Science

PSCI 0317 Ancient and Medieval Political Philosophy

PSCI 0409 Seminar in Political Philosophy

RELI/CLAS 0162 The Formation of Judaism in Antiquity

RELI 0287 Greco-Roman Religions

RELI 0387 Seminar on the Religions of Rome

C. Four courses in Greek or four courses in Latin chosen from:

GREK 0101 Beginning Greek I

GREK 0102 Beginning Greek II

GREK 0201 Intermediate Greek: Prose

GREK 0202 Intermediate Greek: Poetry

GREK 0301 Readings in Greek Literature I

GREK 0302 Readings in Greek Literature II

GREK 0401 Advanced Readings in Greek Literature I

GREK 0402 Advanced Readings in Greek Literature II

LATN 0101 Beginning Latin I

LATN 0102 Beginning Latin II

LATN 0110 Introduction to College Latin

LATN 0201 Intermediate Latin: Prose

LATN 0202 Intermediate Latin: Poetry

LATN 0301 Readings in Latin Literature I

LATN 0302 Readings in Latin Literature II

LATN 0401 Advanced Readings in Latin I

LATN 0402 Advanced Readings in Latin II

D. CLAS 0420 Seminar in Classical Literature

E. CLAS 0701 History of Classical Literature: General Examination for Classics/Classical Studies Majors

Optional: CLAS 0700 Senior Essay (fall/ winter/spring); CLAS 0500 Independent Senior Project (fall/winter/spring). (Note: Students who wish to do an optional senior essay or independent senior project must secure the sponsorship of a member of the classics department in the semester before the essay or project is to be undertaken.)

For complete descriptions of the courses listed above, see listings under the appropriate departments.

Honors: B+ average or better in courses taken for the major (excluding senior work). B+ or better in the General Examination (CLAS 0701) and in the Senior Seminar (CLAS 0420). (Note: A student who does an optional senior essay or independent senior project may arrange with the chair, in the semester prior to undertaking the project, to offer that grade in lieu of the grade for CLAS 0420 for the calculation of departmental honors.)

Joint Major: Students interested in a joint major in Classical Studies and another discipline should consult the chair. The joint major in Classical Studies typically requires four semesters of either Greek or Latin; CLAS 0150; one course from section A2 and one course from A3 under the requirements for the major; CLAS 0701, and senior work that combines Classical Studies with the other major.

The Comparative Literature curriculum emphasizes foreign language learning as the basis for the study of literary texts. During their course of study, students of Comparative Literature will also become familiar with current comparative methodologies as well as relevant cultural and critical theories. These methodological skills support students work as they pursue a flexible and individualized pathway through their program of study, which culminates in an article-length comparative essay. The program is designed to accommodate students at all levels of language proficiency.

Majors in Comparative Literature will develop a plan of study with the guidance of a faculty advisor with expertise in the students chosen primary language and literature and the Director of the Comparative Literature Program.

The basic structure of the program is as follows:

1. One primary foreign language AND

2. One year of a secondary foreign language OR English/American Literatures

Requirements:

1.CMLT 0101;

2.Three content courses in the primary foreign language, including two literary classes and one cultural course (e.g. cinema, politics). The choice of particular classes requires the approval of the students primary language advisor and the Program Director. Students will also need approval for inclusion of study abroad classes in this category.*

3.Four courses in a secondary language.

OR

4 ENAM courses, including at least one course pre 1800.

(Courses in this requirement may double-count in the electives section.)

4. One course in literary theory (suggested for sophomore year);

5. Study abroad required for all students studying a foreign language. Up to 4 courses in literature taken abroad may be counted toward the major, subject to the pre-approval of the Director of the program. All students studying abroad must take one class in their foreign language after their return;

6 .Two electives explicitly comparative in nature. These literature courses may be taught in English. Examples: CLAS/CMLT 0150; CMLT/RELI 0238; CMLT/CLAS 0450; ENAM/CMLT 0305; GRMN/CMLT 0333; ITAL/CMLT 0299. Suitable classes will be cross-listed and bear the prefix CMLT.

7. One senior/advanced seminar in literature in the students primary or secondary language;

8. Senior Work: During Fall and WinterTerm or WinterTerm and Spring, students will write a 35-page (article length) comparative essay (advised independently). Students are responsible to choose their advisor and the members of their committee no later than the last week of classes in the preceding term. To be eligible for honors students must have a departmental GPA of 3.7 and a B+ or above on their essay.

*In the case of students whose primary language is Arabic, Chinese, Russian, or Japanese, some of these three content courses MAY be taught in English, depending on the availability of suitable courses in the language. Students should be aware that policies regarding acceptance of study abroad courses to satisfy requirements vary widely from department to department.

Computer Science is a rich and dynamic discipline that seeks to understand and use effectively the great potential of computing. The Department of Computer Science offers a wide variety of courses that integrate computer science into the liberal arts curriculum. The major can be completed through two tracks. The traditional track provides students with a solid background in algorithmic reasoning, problem solving, design and organization of modern computers and programming languages, and the ability to apply computational thinking to different applications and problem domains. The interdisciplinary track first provides a solid background in computer science including algorithms and data structures, and then allows students to apply this knowledge to specific problem domains in related disciplines and to forge interdisciplinary connections.

Required for the Major in Computer Science, traditional track (11 courses):One CSCI course at the 0100-level; CSCI 0200, CSCI 0201, CSCI 0202, CSCI 0301, CSCI 0302, four CSCI electives at the 0300-level or above, and CSCI 0701. One elective can be substituted with MATH 0200 or MATH 0228.

Required for the Major in Computer Science, interdisciplinary track (11 courses):One CSCI course at the 0100-level; CSCI 0200, CSCI 0201, CSCI 0202, CSCI 0302, CSCI 0701; and five electives, two or three of them from disciplines outside computer science. These interdisciplinary courses should be cohesive in theme and should have computational content and/or technical depth comparable to CSCI electives. The remaining electives can be chosen from any CSCI courses at the 0300-level or above. In consultation with computer science faculty, students will develop a proposed set of courses to count towards the interdisciplinary major, and will submit their proposed list to the department chair by the end of their third semester for approval by the CS faculty.

Departmental Honors:Required for honors are: 1. A grade of "B" or higher in the senior seminar CSCI 701, which contains a significant independent project; 2. An extra CSCI course in addition to the 11 courses required for the major; 3. participation in department extra-curricular or service activities such as tutoring, grading, sys-admin work, student-faculty research, or programming competitions; and 4. a major GPA of at least 3.5 for honors, 3.7 for high honors, and 3.9 for highest honors. The required extra course can be any CSCI elective at the 0300-level or above for regular honors, while high and highest honors require the senior thesis CSCI 0702.

Required for the Minor in Computer Science (6 courses):One CSCI course at the 0100-level; CSCI 0200, CSCI 0201, CSCI 0202, and two CSCI electives at the 0300-level or above.

Joint Majors:The computer science component of a joint major requires: One CSCI course at the 0100-level, CSCI 0200, CSCI 0201, CSCI 0202; one course from CSCI 0301 and CSCI 0302; two CSCI electives at the 0300-level or above; and CSCI 0701.

Advanced Placement and Waivers:First-year students whose secondary preparation indicates they can bypass one or more beginning courses should speak to a faculty member to determine the appropriate first course. College credit is given to students who achieve a score of 4 or 5 on the AP computer science A exam. CSCI 0200 may be waived for students who have completed MATH 0310 or MATH 0318 or both MATH 0200 and MATH 0247, or in consultation with the department chair.

Consistent with its liberal arts mission, the Dance Program offers a rich set of eight foundational courses required of all Dance majors. Beyond these shared foundational courses, students take additional courses specific to one of three tracks: Choreography and Performance, Production and Technology, and Theory and Aesthetics. The complete requirements for each track (foundational courses plus track-specific courses) are as follows:

Choreography & Performance Track
1. 0116 (Creative Process)
2. 0260 (Advanced Beginning Dance)
3. 0261 (Introduction to Improvisation)
4. 0284 (Dance History)
5. 0360 (Intermediate/Advanced Dance)
6. 0370 (Production Workshop) or 0361 (Movement and Media)
7. 0376 (Anatomy & Kinesiology)
8. 0460 (Advanced Dance)
9. 0500 (Production Seminar)
10. 0700 (Senior Work)
11. Z-Lab (0470)

This track represents the core curriculum of the dance program for students primarily focused on contemporary approaches to technique, composition and performance. The culminating senior work in this track will take the form a formal concert work and written thesis.

Production & Technology Track
1. 0116 (Creative Process)
2. 0260 (Advanced Beginning Dance)
3. 0261 (Introduction to Improvisation)
4. 0284 (Dance History)
5. 0361 (Movement & Media)
6. 0370 (Production Workshop)
7. 0376 (Anatomy & Kinesiology)
8. 0460 (Advanced Dance) - Design Focused
9. 0700 (Senior Work) - Design & Production
10. 2 other Elective Courses from the Following Disciplines: (by advisor approval)

• Studio Art
• Architecture Studies
• Theatre
• Film and Media Culture

This track represents a directed course of study for students primarily focused on the skills and methods of dance production and media, digital representations of the body, and current innovations and aesthetic models presented by the confluence of dance and the digital age. The culminating senior work in this track will involve all elements of the production of a design-focused concert work and a written thesis.

Dance Studies Track (Theory & Aesthetics)
1. 0116 (Creative Process)
2. 0260 (Advanced Beginning Dance)
3. 0261 (Introduction to Improvisation)
4. 0284 (Dance History)
5. 0360 (Intermediate/Advanced Dance)
6. 0376 (Anatomy & Kinesiology)
7. 0460 (Advanced Dance)
8. 0500 (Production Seminar)
9. 0700 (Senior Work)
10. 2 other elective courses from the following disciplines: (by advisor approval)

• English and American Literature
• History
• Philosophy
• Sociology/Anthropology

This track represents a directed course of study for students interested in dance as a focus for scholarly work and theoretical inquiry by developing the ability to articulate the interdisciplinary and intercultural aspects of dance, as well as write about the potential of the moving body to both reflect and impact culture. The culminating senior work in this track will take the form a public lecture and written thesis.

Joint Major Requirements
1. ARDV 0116 (Creative Process)
2.DANC 0284 (Dance History)
3.DANC 0376 (Anatomy & Kinesiology)
4. Three semesters of technique and choreography at or above the 0200 level
5.DANC 0700 (Senior Work)

Minor Requirements
1. ARDV 0116 (Creative Process)
2.DANC 0284 (Dance History)
3.DANC 0376 (Anatomy & Kinesiology)
4.Two semesters of technique and choreography at or above the 0200 level

Honors-Dance: Honors, high honors, or highest honors are awarded to graduating seniors in the dance program based upon a grade point average of A- or better in department and cognate courses, a grade of A- or better on the DANC 0700 Senior Independent Project, and overall distinction in the program. Normally only full majors will be eligible for highest honors.

I. Required for the Major

The economics major consists of four sequences.

Introductory Sequence: ECON 0150 and ECON 0155. Neither ECON 0150 nor ECON 0155 assumes any prior exposure to economics, but both courses presume a thorough working knowledge of algebra. Note: Students must pass ECON 0150 and ECON 0155 with at least a C- to be admitted into ECON 0250 and ECON 0255 respectively without a waiver.
Quantitative Sequence: The quantitative sequence in economics consists of two courses. The first course can be ECON 0210, MATH 0116, or MATH 0310, PSYC 0201, or BIOL 0211. (ECON 0210 may not be taken concurrently with MATH 0116, MATH 0310, PSYC 0201, or BIOL 0211. Credit is not given for ECON 0210 if the student has taken MATH 0116, MATH 0310, PSYC 0201, or BIOL 0211.) Students with strong mathematical background wanting to take MATH 0410 (Stochastic Processes) should take MATH 0310 rather than MATH 0116 or ECON 0210, since MATH 0310 is a prerequisite for MATH 0410. The second course in the sequence is ECON 0211. Students must pass ECON 0210 with at least a C- to be admitted into ECON 0211 without a waiver. MATH 0121 (or their AP or IB equivalents) is a prerequisite for ECON 0211. (In special circumstances, students who have a strong background in high school calculus, but did not do the AP or IB equivalent, may substitute either MATH 0200 or CSCI 0101 for MATH 0121 with approval by the economics chair.)
Intermediate Theory Sequence for students entering in Spring 2013 and earlier: ECON 0250 and ECON 0255. Credit for MATH 0121 (the equivalent or higher) is a prerequisite for ECON 0255.
Intermediate Theory Sequence for students entering in Fall 2013 and later: ECON 0250; ECON 0255; and one of ECON 0212, ECON 0229, or ECON 0280.
Note: It is important, especially for those planning to study abroad for a full year that the above three sequences be completed by the end of the sophomore year.
Elective Sequence: Majors are required to take at least four electives, two of which must either be at the 0400-level or a combination of one 0400-level and the ECON 0701/0702 senior workshop sequence. The other two electives may be 0200-, 0300-, or 0400-level courses. All majors must take at least six economics courses in the major at Middlebury, including one 0400-or 0701/0702 sequence. The 0400-level courses are seminars that typically enroll no more than 16 students, have intermediate theory as a prerequisite, and serve as a capstone experience for the major. Emphasis is placed on reading, writing, and discussion of economics at an advanced level. The 0701/0702 workshops are seminars that typically enroll eight students, have intermediate theory and a field course as a prerequisite, and involve writing an independent research paper. The difference between an ECON 0400-level seminar and an ECON 0701/0702 workshop is the degree of independence the student has and the level of sophistication expected in the paper. Any student wanting honors in economics must take ECON 0701and ECON 0702. Because of space constraints, ECON 0701/0702 workshops are initially reserved for straight economics majors; others, including minors and majors in programs that include economics will be admitted on a space available basis.
Courses that do not count towards the major: ECON 0205 (Economics of Investing) will not count towards the major. Beginning Fall 2014, ECON 0240 does not count towards the major or minor requirements. Only two of the following four courses, if completed before Fall 2014, will count towards the major requirements: ECON 0316, ECON 0317, ECON 0412, and ECON 0475. ECON 0500 does not count towards the major or minor requirements . Economics electives taken during the winter term will count towards the majorrequirements only if so designated in the winter term catalog.
Honors: To be eligible for honors in economics, students must take the Senior Research sequence (ECON 0701 and ECON 0702) during their senior year. The purpose of this two-semester sequence is to foster independent student research, culminating in a research paper in the style of an economics journal article. Prior to enrolling in ECON 0701, students must have taken a minimum of six economics courses at Middlebury approved to count towards the major requirements. Each course in the sequence will have no more than eight students who will work on their projects for two semesters (either fall/winter or winter/spring) and will include both individual meetings and group meetings to develop new techniques and present and discuss research. Students who have prearranged a research topic with the professor will be given priority in admission to the seminar. Also, because of limited resources for guiding senior work, students with a single major in economics will be given priority over double majors who will do senior work in other departments. Students interested in pursuing departmental honors must take the Senior Research Workshop sequence (ECON 0701 and ECON 0702) during their senior year. To receive departmental honors the student must receive a minimum grade of A- in ECON 0701 and ECON 0702, and have a 3.5 or higher GPA in all economics courses taken at Middlebury approved to count towards the major requirements. High Honors requires a minimum grade of A in ECON 0701 and ECON 0702, and a 3.75 or higher economics GPA. Highest Honors requires a minimum grade of A in ECON 0701 and ECON 0702, and a 3.9 or higher economics GPA.
Joint Majors: The Department of Economics does not offer a joint major.

International Politics and Economics Major: Please refer to the International Politics and Economics section of the catalog for details about the major or visit the International Politics & Economics webpage for the most current information.
International and Global Studies Major: Please refer to the International and Global Studies section of the catalog for details about the major or visit the International and Global Studies webpage for the most current information.
AP Credit Policy: To obtain credit, students will need to submit their official scores to the Registrar's Office and obtain approval from the department chair. Students who score a 5 on the Advanced Placement exam in Macroeconomics or Microeconomics will receive credit for Introductory Macroeconomics (ECON 0150) or Introductory Microeconomics (ECON 0155) respectively and cannot enroll in these courses at Middlebury. Students who score a 5 on the advanced placement exam in statistics are strongly encouraged to enroll in Economic Statistics (ECON 0210) but they may choose to use their AP credit instead. Note: Students may not receive AP credit and course credit for the same course.
Students who score a 4 on the advanced placement exam in Macroeconomics, Microeconomics or Statistics must earn a B- or better grade in the corresponding intermediate-level course ECON 0250, ECON 0255, or ECON 0211, respectively, to receive college credit for the AP course. Note: Students are required to complete an additional elective for each of these courses when a grade of B- or higher is not earned in the corresponding intermediate-level course.
International Baccalaureate/A-Levels: Students who have completed an International Baccalaureate or the equivalent of the introductory sequence abroad before coming to Middlebury and have earned a score of 7 on IB Economics or a grade of A on A-Level Economics should begin their studies of Macroeconomics and Microeconomics with ECON 0250 and ECON 0255. These students will be given one course credit toward the economics major, and will be prohibited from enrolling in ECON 0155 or ECON 0150. Students who have earned a score of 6 on IB economics or a grade of B on A-Level economics are encouraged to begin their studies of Macroeconomics and Microeconomics with ECON 0250 and ECON 0255, but they may elect to enroll in ECON 0155 or ECON 0150. Students majoring or minoring in Economics will need to replace the other introductory course with an ECON elective. Students who have completed a statistics course with a score of 6 or higher on IB Statistics, or a grade of B or better on A-Level Statistics are exempt from ECON 0210, and may begin their course of study of economics statistics with ECON 0211 or MATH 0310. If they choose to start with ECON 0211, they will need to replace the ECON 0210 with an ECON elective. The same rules apply where ECON courses are requirements for other majors.
Transfer of Credit: Students may take economics courses in approved programs (abroad and domestic) and have those courses count towards the major and/or the general graduation requirement. Summer school courses will generally not be given credit for the major unless there is an overriding reason to take a summer school course. Any summer school course must meet a minimum of six weeks and have at least 36 hours of class time. Students planning to take courses off-campus should discuss the proposed course(s) with their advisor and get pre-approval from the chair of the economics department. Upon completion of the course(s), students should submit their course material and a copy of their transcript along with the appropriate Application for Transfer Credit form to the department coordinator for departmental approval. After receiving departmental approval, students must submit their forms to the director of off-campus study for final approval. Courses having a BU (Business) or MGMT (Management) prefix will normally not be considered the equivalent of an economics course. No credit will be given for business courses taken over the summer. A maximum of one credit will be given for a business course taken through a junior year abroad business program. However, this credit will count as a general credit only, not as a major equivalent credit. Business courses taken in a non-business program will be considered on a case-by-case basis. Those that match the department's offerings, and have strong liberal arts content, have the best chance of receiving credit.

II. Post-Graduate Preparation
Graduate programs in economics or finance [other than a Masters of Business Administration (MBA)] generally require a high degree of mathematical sophistication. Students thinking of continuing in such a program are encouraged to: (i) take MATH 0310 in place of ECON 0210; (ii) select economics electives with significant mathematically and statistically rigorous content [recommended courses fulfilling the elective requirements of the economics major include: ECON 0229, ECON 0280 (formerly ECON 0380), ECON 0390, and ECON 0411]; (iii) take a number of additional courses in mathematics and computer science [recommended courses include: CSCI 0101, MATH 0315, MATH 0318, MATH 0323, MATH 0410, and MATH 0423]. Good training for graduate school might include being a statistics tutor or having worked as a research assistant at Middlebury College or at a Federal Reserve Bank, or as an intern at a research institute or NGO. Students thinking about this option should discuss their plans with their advisor and other faculty members.
Masters of Business Administration (MBA) programs look for students who have taken a wide range of courses across the curriculum rather than for students who have narrowly focused on economics and math. Thus, it is not necessary for someone planning to go on in business or to an MBA program to have majored in economics. MBA programs normally expect that students have worked for a couple of years in business, government, or similar organization before they begin the MBA program. The appropriate coursework for these MBA programs is a wide range of liberal arts courses.

III. Minor in Economics

The Department of Economics does not offer a minor.

The study of Education necessitates an understanding of the reasons for the deep inequities that characterize education in the USA and other countries of the world. Through the investigation of educational theory, policy, research and practice from a variety of disciplinary perspectives students learn to think critically and creatively about the processes of teaching and learning and about the place of education in society. Effective fall 2017, Education Studies offers a double-major for those students who seek teacher licensure in either elementary (EDEL) or secondary (EDSL) education and a minor in general education (EDGW) for those who are interested in the field of education, but who do not seek teacher licensure. [Students may not choose to major in Education Studies as a stand-alone major. The double major option is available only to those students seeking teacher licensure.] Students who matriculated to Middlebury prior to fall 2017 should speak to the Program Director about maintaining their current program of study.

Requirements for the Double Major in Teacher Licensure
Students interested in earning a Vermont teaching license should meet with the Director of the Education Studies Program as soon as possible in their course of study. The four, state-required elements that must be satisfactorily completed in order to be recommended for Vermont initial educator licensure are: (i) Relevant coursework that satisfies the content requirements of the endorsement, (ii) Professional Semester, (iii) Vermont Licensure Portfolio, and (iv) state required examinations such as Praxis. The specific requirements for elementary and secondary teacher licensure are as follows:

Elementary Licensure
Required for major, Elementary Licensure: A major in another discipline. EDST 0115A (Education in the USA), EDST 0215 (Culturally Responsive Pedagogy), EDST 0300 (Models of Inclusive Education), EDST 0305 (Elementary Literacy and Social Studies Methods), EDST 0306 (Elementary Science Methods), EDST 0307 (Elementary Math Methods), EDST 0317 (Children and the Arts) or approved art internship, Professional Semester (see below). PSYC 0225 (Child Development), PSYC 0327 (Educational Psychology).

• Elementary licensure students must complete both the SCI and DED Distribution Requirements.

Secondary Licensure
Required for major, Secondary Licensure: A major in the endorsement area. EDST 0115A (Education in the USA), EDST 0215 (Culturally Responsive Pedagogy), EDST 0300 (Models of Inclusive Education), EDST 0327 (Field Experience in Secondary and Special Education); EDST 0505 (Independent Study Secondary Methods taken twice with different placements) and the Professional Semester (see below). PSYC 0216 (Adolescence); PSYC 0327(Educational Psychology).

• Middlebury College is authorized to recommend licensure in the following subject areas for secondary education (7-12): Modern and Classical Languages: French, German, Russian, Spanish; Computer Science; English; Mathematics; Science; Social Studies. Art (preK-12).

• In order for secondary licensure candidates to be recommended for licensure they must meet Vermont content endorsement requirements. Generally, this means that students should select their second major in the content area they wish to teach.

Professional Semester
(Fall semester only; by application and approval): Students who elect to pursue licensure either in Elementary (K-6) or Secondary (7-12) education must apply to the Education Studies program for acceptance into the Professional Semester. The Professional Semester is a four credit, full-time, student teaching experience in a local school, with a master teacher, and under the supervision of a college designated supervisor. Upon acceptance to the Professional Semester, students complete EDST 0410 (the student teaching seminar) and either EDST 0405-7 (elementary) or EDST 0415-17(secondary). Education Studies faculty, in consultation with the student and prospective master teacher, make the final decision regarding where and with whom a student is placed for the Professional Semester. Students may elect to complete the Professional Semester in either their senior year or post graduation in a ninth semester.

Requirements for the minor in Education Studies (EDGW)
Students interested in completing a minor in Education Studies should meet with a professor in the Education Studies Program to organize a thoughtful course of study. The Education Studies minor consists of five courses two of which are required and three of which are selected at the discretion of the student under consultation with an EDST faculty advisor. There is no option for a major in general Education Studies.

1. Required (2 courses):

• EDST 0115 (Education in the USA) Prerequisite for all EDST courses.
• EDST 0430 (Senior Seminar in Education Studies).

Students must complete three of the 5 required courses prior to enrolling in the Senior Seminar. Required for all students who matriculate fall 2017 and after.

1. Electives (3 courses):

• Any three other EDST courses (see course listing).
• One of the following three PSYC courses may count towards the minor: PYSC 0216 (Adolescence), PSYC 0225 (Child Development), PSYC 0327 (Educational Psychology).
• One of the following three SOAN courses may count towards the minor: SOAN 0215 (Sociology of Education), SOAN 0351 (Education and Social Policy), SOAN 0430 (Higher Education and Society).

Students may seek to include a course that is not listed above, a course to be taken abroad or a Winter Term internship as one of the five courses. In each instance, students must secure prior approval from Education Studies faculty for such a course to fulfill the requirements for the minor.

All students declaring an ENAM major, joint major, or minor beginning Fall 2015 will adopt the following requirements. Students who declared their major prior to Fall 2015 may choose whether to adopt these requirements or to complete their study following the old requirements (see below).

Requirements for the Major: Students majoring in English and American Literatures will take a total of 12 classes in the ENAM department (transfer credits from other institutions must be approved). Of these, three are required classes: 1) ENAM 0103 or CMLT 0101; 2) ENAM 0205; 3) ENAM 0700 or CRWR 0701* (Senior Thesis). Students will then choose nine electives from the available course offerings, making sure that these courses satisfy the following distribution requirements. A single course may fulfill more than one distribution requirement.

• at least three will be devoted to literature (English, British, and/or American) before 1800, and only one of the three used to meet this requirement may be a Shakespeare course. These courses will bear the (Pre-1800) designation.
• At least one will be a junior seminar. All 04XX courses in ENAM are junior seminars.
• at least one will be devoted to American Literature before 1900. These courses will bear the (Pre-1900 AL) designation.
• at least one will expose students to cultural diversity in Literatures in English. Such courses are centrally concerned with material and approaches attending to differences in race, ethnicity, class, gender, and/or sexuality. These courses will bear the departmental (Diversity) designation.

These requirements are intended to offer students broad and historically grounded training in the discipline as well as a range of different pathways through the major. Students should confer closely with their advisers concerning their choices of electives.
With the exception of CRWR 0701, which fulfills the senior work requirement for the ENAM major, creative writing classes do not fulfill ENAM major requirements. LITS 0705, Senior Colloquium in Literary Studies, may be used to fulfill the Junior Seminar requirement in ENAM. Students should plan to complete a Junior Seminar prior to beginning a critical senior thesis project.
*Students wishing to complete a CRWR 0701 senior thesis will first need to complete one introductory (0100-level) CRWR workshop and two advanced (0300-level) workshops prior to beginning the thesis.
Requirements for the Joint Major: A joint major in English and American Literatures requires a minimum of eight ENAM courses, including three required courses: 1) ENAM 0103 or CMLT 0101; 2) ENAM 0205; 3) *ENAM 0700 or CRWR 0701, a joint thesis project that integrates both parts of the major. In addition, students will choose at least five electives from the available offerings, making sure that these courses satisfy the following distribution requirements. A single course may fulfill more than one distribution requirement:

• At least one course will be devoted to literature (English, British, and/or American) before 1800. These courses will bear the (Pre-1800) designation.
• At least one will be a junior seminar. All ENAM 04XX classes are junior seminars.
• At least one will be devoted to American Literature before 1900. These courses will bear the (Pre-1900 AL) designation.
• At least one will expose students to cultural diversity in Literatures in English. Such courses are centrally concerned with material and approaches attending to differences in race, ethnicity, class, gender, and/or sexuality. These courses will bear the departmental (Diversity) designation.

*Students wishing to undertake a joint major in ENAM and Theatre should be advised that senior work will normally consist of two full-credit classes, ENAM 0708 and THEA 0708. We strongly recommend that these classes be taken in the same semester, with the understanding that a central goal of the joint major is the thorough integration of both aspects of the joint major. A single-credit, single-semester joint project remains an option for those who wish to pursue a joint thesis that does not include a practical component such as acting or directing.
Requirements for the Minor: Students minoring in English and American Literatures will take a minimum of six courses, including ENAM 0103 or CMLT 0101 and five electives, chosen carefully to satisfy the following distribution requirements. A single course may fulfill more than one distribution requirement:

• At least one course will be devoted to literature (English, British, and/or American) before 1800. These courses will bear the (Pre-1800) designation.
• At least one will be a junior seminar. All ENAM 04XX classes are junior seminars.
• At least one will be devoted to American Literature before 1900. These classes will bear the (Pre-1900 AL) designation.
• At least one will expose students to cultural diversity in Literatures in English. Such courses are centrally concerned with material and approaches attending to differences in race, ethnicity, class, gender, and/or sexuality. These courses will bear the departmental (Diversity) designation.

OLD Requirements

Requirements for the Major: Twelve courses are required of all students majoring in English and American Literatures. 1) ENAM 0103 or CMLT 0101; 2) ENAM 0201 or 0204; 3) ENAM 0205; 4-5) two courses concerning literature written prior to the year 1700 (Period I); 6-7) two courses concerning literature written between 1700 and 1910 (Period II), at least one of which must concern American Literature (AL); 8-10) three ENAM electives; 11) an ENAM Junior Seminar (4xx); and 12) a senior thesis. In addition, students wishing to write a creative senior thesis must complete three workshop courses (one at the 0100-level and two at the advanced level) prior to beginning the senior project. Creative writing workshops may NOT be used to fulfill other ENAM major requirements. LITS 0705, Senior Colloquium in Literary Studies can also be used to fulfill the Junior Seminar requirement in ENAM. Students should complete a Junior Seminar prior to beginning a critical senior thesis project.

Joint Major: A joint major in English and American Literatures requires a minimum of seven ENAM courses, including the following: 1) ENAM 0103 or CMLT 0101; 2) ENAM 0201 or 0204; 3) one ENAM course concerning literature written prior to the year 1700 (Period I); 4) one ENAM course concerning literature written between 1700 and 1910 (Period II); 5) one ENAM elective; and 6) an ENAM junior seminar (4xx). Of 3-6 above, at least one course must concern American literature (AL). Joint majors must also design a senior thesis project that brings together aspects of the two majors. Joint majors must be approved by the chairs of both departments or programs involved.
Students wishing to undertake a joint major in ENAM and Theatre should be advised that senior work will normally comprise two full-credit classes, ENAM 0708 and THEA 0708. We strongly recommend that these classes be taken in the same semester, with the understanding that a central goal of the joint major is the thorough integration of both aspects of the joint major. A single-credit, single-semester joint project remains an option for those who wish to pursue a joint thesis that does not include a practical component such as acting or directing, and also for all students graduating in March 2015 or in May 2015, regardless of the kind of project, under the former requirements.

Minor: A minor in English and American Literatures requires six courses: 1) ENAM 0103 or CMLT 0101; 2) ENAM 0201 or 0204; 3) Four ENAM courses, at least one of which must concern literature written prior to the year 1700 (Period I), and one must concern American literature (AL).

Senior Program: The ENAM senior program consists of a required one-semester creative or critical thesis of 30-35 pages in length (ENAM 0700, CRWR 0701). CRWR 0701 requires the prior completion of one 0100-level CRWR workshop and two 0300-level CRWR workshops and a grade of at least B+ in both 0300-level courses before undertaking a thesis. Students writing a critical thesis must enroll concurrently in the thesis workshop (ENAM 0710 or CRWR 0711). All students will participate in an oral defense of their work with the adviser and second reader of the project. Students are encouraged to complete their Junior Seminar requirement before embarking on their senior work.

Honors: Departmental honors will be awarded to those students who achieve a departmental GPA of 3.85 and above. In determining the numerical average of course grades, all courses designated ENAM will be counted, as will all other courses that fulfill requirements for the major. Joint majors are eligible to receive honors. In determining joint honors, all courses that fulfill requirements for both majors will be counted.

Courses for Non-Majors: The Department of English and American Literatures offers a wide variety of courses in literature that are open without prerequisite to all students in the college. These include most 0100 and 0200-level courses and some 0300-level courses. The ENAM 0103/CMLT 0101, 0201/0204 sequence is intended for declared or potential majors and minors. The 0100 level courses are recommended for students, primarily in their first or second years, with interests in comparative, thematic, and theoretical approaches to literature. They are especially suitable for meeting the colleges Literature (LIT) distribution requirement.

Required for the Major in Environmental Studies: The environmental studies major is composed of course work in four areas: (1) a set of core courses to be completed by the end of the junior year, (2) an in-depth focus, (3) cognate courses that supplement the breadth gained in the core courses, and (4) the senior-level seminar.

Except for transfer students, the core courses must be taken at Middlebury College. A maximum of three courses taken off campus may be credited toward completion of the major. The student's advisor must approve all such off-campus courses.

Joint Majors: Students may pursue a joint major with environmental studies and other majors. The other major usually overlaps the student's focus. Those who focus in architecture and the environment, conservation biology, environmental chemistry, environmental geology, geography, or human ecology automatically qualify as joint majors. Students in other foci should consult with the director about joint majors. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the environmental studies major, there is no reduction in course requirements for the environmental studies component of a joint major.

Minor in Environmental Studies: The minor in environmental studies consists of five courses from across the humanities, natural sciences, and social sciences: ENVS 0112; ENVS or ENVS/PSCI 0211; ENVS or ENVS/ENAM 0215 (these three to be completed by the end of the sixth semester); one course from among DANC 0277, ECON 0265, ENAM 0227, ENAM 0315, ENVS 0209, ENVS 0210, ENVS 0349, ENVS 0385, ENVS 0395, GEOG 0207, HIST 0222, PHIL 0356, PSCI 0212, PSCI 0214, PSYC 0333 (formally PSYC 0233), RELI 0295, or SOAN 0211; one course from among BIOL 0140, ENVS 0240, ENVS/CHEM 0270, GEOL 0112, or GEOL 0323. Except for transfer students, ENVS 0112, ENVS or ENVS/PSCI 211; and ENVS 0215 must be taken at Middlebury College. However, students receiving a score of 5 on the Advanced Placement Examination in environmental science will receive credit for ENVS 0112. With the approval of the director of the Environmental Studies program director, a maximum of one course taken off campus (not including AP Environmental Science) may be credited toward completion of minor requirements other than 0112, 0211, and 0215.

ENVS Program Honors: Program honors will be awarded to students who complete a multi-term senior thesis on a topic pertinent to the relationship between humans and the environment and meet the following requirements. The thesis must be of superior quality (B+ or higher), and the student must achieve an average GPA of B+ or higher in courses taken toward completion of the major. Courses counting toward the GPA in the major include core courses, the two highest-grade cognate courses, courses taken in fulfillment of focus requirements (highest grades if extra courses in the focus were taken), and ENVS 0401. Thesis grades do not count in calculating the final GPA for honors. Seniors conduct a senior thesis project by successfully completing one or two terms of ENVS 0700, followed by one term of ENVS 0701 OR equivalent senior independent study courses in a department that is part of their focus. Students who are joint majors should discuss ENVS program and departmental honors requirements with their advisors.

International Environmental Studies: The program offers no formal or official major, minor, or focus in international environmental studies For students interested in international environmental studies, we recommend the following approach: (1) select the existing focus that most closely meets your academic goals (for example, environmental economics or environmental policy or human ecology); (2) undertake language training, if relevant, for the areas of the world in which you plan to study; (3) study abroad for a semester to gain a deeper understanding of the issues and areas that most interest you; and (4) weave some of the following courses, which explicitly deal with international and comparative environmental issues, into your academic career: ENVS 0240, ENVS 0380, ENVS 0390, FREN 0315, GEOG 0207, GEOG 0210, GEOG 225, HARC 264, HIST 0419, PSCI 0209, PSCI 0210, PSCI 0214, PSCI 0452, RELI 0395, SOAN 0211, SOAN 0333, SPAN 0384.

I. Core Courses: All Environmental Studies majors are required to complete these four 0100-level to 0200-level core courses plus the ENVS 0401 senior seminar. The 0100-level to 0200-level core classes provide an introduction to perspectives on environmental issues from the humanities, natural sciences, and social sciences, as well as basic approaches critical to understanding human interactions with the environment. The 0100-level to 0200-level core courses must be completed by the end of the junior year, and ENVS 0112 in particular should be completed by the end of the sophomore year.

ENVS 0112 Natural Science and the Environment
ENVS 0211 Conservation and Environmental Policy
ENVS 0215 Contested Grounds: U.S. Cultures and Environments
GEOG 0120 Spatial Thinking with Geographic Information Systems

**Note: Only those students who have completed all four of the above-listed core courses are eligible to enroll in ENVS 0401 or to sign up for ENVS 0700.

**Note: Students receiving a score of 5 on the Advanced Placement Examination in environmental science will receive credit for ENVS 0112.

II. Foci: Students must complete all of the requirements for one of the following foci. Courses taken within the focus that are not specified must be approved by the student's advisor. Some foci qualify the student for joint major status. Note that each focus falls into one of three broad groupings.

Environmental Science

Conservation Biology: (This focus requireseight courses). BIOL 0140; BIOL 0145; BIOL 0392; twofield methods courses chosen from BIOL 0302, BIOL 0304, and BIOL 0323; one organismal course chosen from among BIOL 0201, BIOL 0202, BIOL 0203, and BIOL 0310; and two BIOL electives chosen from the 0200-0700 level (only one of which can be BIOL 0500 or higher). Note: Winter Term courses offered through the Biology Department can be used to satisfy one of the elective courses. (This focus qualifies students for joint major status.)

Environmental Chemistry: (This focus requires seven or eight courses depending on senior work). CHEM 0103; CHEM 0104 or 0107; CHEM 0203, CHEM 0204; CHEM 0270; CHEM 0311; and at least one semester of formal senior-level research focusing on chemistry and the environment chosen from: independent study (ENVS 0500 or CHEM 0700), or the senior thesis sequence (CHEM 0400/0700/0701 or ENVS 0500/0700). Students wishing to pursue graduate study in environmental chemistry are advised to take additional courses, in the appropriate field of science, and should consult with their advisor. (This focus qualifies students for joint major status.)

Environmental Geology: (This focus requires eight courses). One introductory course from among GEOL 0112 (preferred), GEOL 0161, and GEOL 0170; one course from among GEOL/GEOG 0251, GEOL/GEOG 0255, and GEOL/GEOG 0257; one course from among GEOL 0201, GEOL 0211, and GEOL 0281; three electives, two of which must be at the GEOL 0300-level; and two courses of senior work, GEOL 0400 and GEOL 0700. These are considered minimum requirements. Please note that geology graduate programs require additional courses in the cognate sciences of biology, chemistry, computer science, mathematics, and physics. Students should consult with their advisors regarding additional cognates. (This focus qualifies students for joint major status.)

Environmental Policy and Analysis

Conservation Psychology: (This focus requires seven courses). PSYC 0105; PSYC 0201; PSYC 0202; PSYC 0333 (formally PSYC 0233); PSYC 0416; two additional courses to be determined in consultation with the student's advisor.

Environmental Economics: This focus requires seven courses). MATH 0121 or MATH 0122; ECON 0155; ECON 0210; ECON 0255; ECON 0265; ECON 0465; one course from among ECON 0211, ECON 0228, ECON 0275, ECON 0328, ENVS 0385, ECON 0425, ECON 0428, and ECON 0444.

Environmental Policy: (This focus requires seven courses). ECON 0155; ECON 0265; ECON 0210 or MATH 0116 or PSYC 0201; PSCI 0212 or PSCI 0214or ENVS 0385; PSCI 0421 or PSCI 0452; two courses from among ENVS 0209, GEOG 0207, and any Political Science courses at the 0200-0300 level.

Geography: (This focus requires seven courses). GEOG 0100; GEOG 0120; three courses at the 0200-level (none of which may be numbered 0250 or above); one course at the 0300-level; and one 0400-level seminar. The electives, the seminar, and the joint senior work must be selected in consultation with, and approved by, the students Geography advisor.

Human Ecology: (This focus requires eight or nine courses depending on senior work). SOAN 0103; SOAN 0105; SOAN 0211; SOAN 0301 or SOAN 0302; SOAN 0305 or SOAN 0306; two electives related to the topic of human ecology (to be selected in consultation with your advisor) from among Sociology-Anthropology offerings, or ENVS 0210. In addition, students will take either SOAN 0700 (one-semester senior project) or SOAN 0710 (multi-semester senior project). (This focus qualifies students for joint major status.) No more than one course may be taken outside of the regular fall and spring semesters at Middlebury (e.g., as a Winter Term course or transfer credit).

Environmental Humanities and Arts

Joint Major, Architectural Studies/Environmental Studies "Architecture and the Environment": (This focus requires eight courses) HARC 0100; HARC 0130; HARC 0230; HARC 0231 (prerequisite for HARC 0731); HARC 0330 (or approved substitute); one additional course that deals with architectural history, urbanism, or contemporary visual culture; HARC 0731 and HARC 0732, to be taken sequentially. Advisory:This joint major track does not result in a professional degree in architecture. Many graduate architecture schools expect applicants to have taken a survey of modern architecture as well as college-level courses in calculus and physics.

Creative Arts: (This focus requires eight courses) Students proposing a Creative Arts focus will submit to the arts advisor and ES chair a 1-2 page statement articulating their proposed connection between art and the environment, specifically linking their creative work with environmental perspectives.

For students emphasizing Dance, Studio Art, or Theater: ARDV 0116 or ART 0157 or ART 0158 or ART 0159; ENVS/DANC 0277 or ENVS/DANC 0377; three courses in the student's arts department at the 0100-0400 level that are best suited to enrich their approach to questions of human interactions with the environment (chosen in consultation with the appropriate arts advisor); two studio courses in one discipline which must be above the 0200-level, selected in consultation with the student's advisor; senior independent project or advanced studio course in the discipline of the selected art form. Public showing of artistic work is required, along with an artist's written statement linking environmental studies and the artistic emphasis in question.

For students emphasizing Film and Media Culture: FMMC 0105; ENVS/DANC 0277 or ENVS/DANC 0377; FMMC 0101 and two critical studies courses that are best suited to enrich the student's approach to questions of human interactions with the environment (chosen in consultation with the FMMC advisor); two production oriented classes selected in consultation with the student's FMMC advisor; senior independent project or advanced studio course in the discipline of the selected art form. Public showing of artistic work is required, along with an artist's written statement linking environmental studies and the artistic emphasis in question. The guidelines, prerequisites, expectations, and forms for applying to do an independent project are detailed on the Film and Media Culture website.

Environmental History: (This focus requires seven courses). HIST 0222; three HIST courses in students' area of interest at the 0100-0300 level; one 0400-level HIST readings course (preferably, but not necessarily HIST 0406 or HIST 0419); HIST 0600; one course from among AMST 0245, HARC 0218, PHIL 0356, RELI 0110, RELI 0120, RELI 0130, RELI 0140, RELI 0150, RELI 0160, RELI 0220, RELI 0225, RELI/AMST 0274, ENVS 0295, ENVS 0395, or one literature course at 0200-0300 level in chosen area of study.

Environmental Nonfiction: (This focus requires seven or eight courses depending on senior work). ENAM 0103; CRWR 0170 or CRWR 0175; one of ENAM 0201, 0206, or 0208; ENAM 0227 or ENAM 0243; two 0300-level writing workshops; at least one term of senior independent writing, typically: ENAM 0700 (for a one-term project) or ENVS 0700/0701 (for a two-term thesis).

Literature: (This focus requires eight courses).ENAM 0103 or CRWR 0175; ENAM 0201 or 0204; ENAM 0206 or 0208; two courses from among ENAM/AMST 0207, ENAM/AMST 0209, ENAM 0250, ENAM 0311, FREN 0315, and SPAN 0384; ENAM 0330, ENAM 0331, or ENAM 0332; ENAM 0243 or ENAM 0227; and an upper level seminar approved in writing by the advisor for the literature focus.

Religion, Philosophy, and the Environment: (This focus requires eight or nine courses depending on senior work). RELI 0295; ENVS 0395 or PHIL 0356; at least one introductory level course from among RELI 0110, RELI 0120, RELI 0190, PHIL 0150, or any additional 0100 or 0200-level RELI or PHIL course with approval of the advisor; an additional four courses from among PHIL 0205, PHIL 0206, GEOG 0207, and any 0300-0400-level course in philosophy or religion with approval of the advisor; at least one semester of independent study related to the focus (ENVS 0500).

III. Cognate Courses

Two of the following courses are required, with the restrictions that: (1) students focusing in an environmental science (biology, chemistry, or geology) must take both of their cognates outside of the natural sciences; (2) students focusing in an area other than environmental science must take both cognates as science courses with laboratory (these courses are in addition to ENVS 0112); and (3) courses in a student's focus or focus department cannot count as cognates. Not all of these courses are offered each year; check with the relevant department to determine course offerings.

Natural Science Courses
Any winter term course explicitly labeled ENVS and explicitly described in the Winter Term Catalogue as counting as a natural science lab cognate for Environmental Studies majors with a focus outside of the natural sciences.

BIOL 0140 Ecology and Evolution
BIOL 0302 Vertebrate Natural History
BIOL 0304 Aquatic Ecology
BIOL 0323 Plant Community Ecology
BIOL 0392 Conservation Biology
CHEM 0270 Environmental Chemistry
CSCI 0190 Computing through Simulation
ENVS 0240 The Science of Climate Change
GEOL 0105 Energy and Mineral Resources (formally GEOL 0205)
GEOL 0112 Environmental Geology
GEOL 0161 Elements of Oceanography
GEOL 0202 Climate and Earths History (formally GEOL 0221 Geology of Climate Change)
GEOL 0222 Remote Sensing in Environmental Science
GEOL 0250 Arctic and Alpine Environments
GEOL/GEOG 0251 Geomorphology
GEOL 0255 Surface and Ground Water
GEOL 0257 Soils, Geology, and the Environment
GEOL 0323 Environmental Geochemistry

Arts, Humanities, and Social Science Courses
Any winter term course explicitly labeled ENVS and explicitly described in the Winter Term Catalogue as counting as a cognate for Environmental Studies majors with a focus in the environmental sciences.

AMST 0214 Mastodons, Mermaids, and Dioramas: Capturing Nature in America
AMST 0245 American Landscape 1825-1865
AMST 0300 Reclaiming the Swamp: History, Science, and the Challenge of the Everglades
ARBC 0431 The Environmental Middle East: Forests, Rivers, and Peoples
DANC 0277 Body and Earth
ECON 0265 Environmental Economics
ECON 0365 Climate Change Economics
ECON 0465 Special Topics in Environmental Economics
EDST 0420 Education for Sustainability
ENAM 0227 Encounters with the Wild: Nature, Culture, Poetry
ENAM 0243 Maritime Literature and Culture
ENAM 0311 Nature's Renaissance
ENAM 0445 Recent Novels of Environmental Justice
ENVS 0209 Gender Health and the Environment
ENVS 0210 Social Class & the Environment
ENVS/ARBC 0245 Human Environment Relations: Middle East
ENVS 0330 Conserving Endangered Species
ENVS 0385 Global Political Ecology
ENVS/RELI 0395 Religion, Ethics, and the Environment
FMMC 0285 Sustainable TV: Producing Environmental Media
GEOG 0207 Resource Wars: A Geopolitical Perspective
GEOG 0208 Land and Livelihoods
GEOG 0209 Human Geography of Hazards
GEOG 0210 Geographic Perspectives on International Development
GEOG 0213 Population Geography
GEOG 0216 Rural Geography
GEOG 0225 Environmental Change in Latin America
GRMN 0445 Contemporary Germany and Sustainability
HARC 0231 Architecture and the Environment
HARC 0264 Art, Change, and the Global Environment
HARC 0327 Photography and the Environmental Ethos
HIST 0222 United States Environmental History: Nature and Inequality
HIST 0411 Readings in U.S. History: American Environmental History (formerly HIST 0406)
HIST 0441 Readings in African History: Environmental History (formerly HIST 0419)
INTD 0280 Middlebury's Foodprint:Introduction to Food Systems Issues
INTD 0281 Food, Power, & Justice
INTD 0310 Argoecology
PHIL 0356 Philosophy and the Environment
PSCI 0209 Local Green Politics
PSCI 0212 Comparative Environmental Politics
PSCI 0214 International Environmental Politics
PSCI 0421 American Environmental Politics
PSCI 0452 Global Environmental Justice
PSYC 0333 (formally PSYC 0233)Environmental Psychology
PSYC 0416 Environmental Problems and Human Behavior
SOAN 0159 Human Origins, Culture, and Biodiversity
SOAN 0211 Human Ecology
SOAN 0308 Environmental Sociology
SOAN 0320 Environmental Justice US
SOAN/LNGT 0395 Language and the Environment
or SOAN/LNGT 0495 Language and the Environment

IV. Senior Experience
All seniors are required to take ENVS 0401, the ENVS senior seminar devoted to community-connected learning and requiring significant interdisciplinary work. Note that some ENVS foci require independent work during the senior year. Students who are not required to do independent senior work in their focus may elect to do independent work in ENVS, which may be carried out as a one or more semester ENVS 0700 project, or as an ENVS thesis (at least one semester of ENVS 0700 followed by one semester of ENVS 0701). Senior independent work carried out in ENVS must be on a topic pertinent to the relationship between humans and environment and be supervised by a faculty advisor who is appointed in or affiliated with the environmental studies program. For additional important details, please visithttp://www.middlebury.edu/academics/es/requirements/seniorwork

Major Requirements: Students must complete ten courses to satisfy the requirements for a major in Film and Media Culture. Before declaring a Film and Media Culture major, the student must have completed or be currently enrolled in one of the basic core courses. Those courses are as follows:
Basic Core Course Requirements: FMMC 0101 Aesthetics of the Moving Image; FMMC 0102 Film History; FMMC 0104 TV and American Culture; and one production course - either FMMC 0105 Sight and Sound or FMMC 0106 Writing for the Screen I. The basic core courses must be completed by the end of the junior year.
Required Advanced Courses: One 0300 level course in theory -- FMMC 0354, FMMC 0355, FMMC/GSFS 0358, FMMC 0360, or another approved 0300 level course -- to be completed during junior year; and FMMC 0700 Film and Media Senior Tutorial.
Electives: Four additional FMMC courses, with no more than two of these being a production or screenwriting courses. With the prior permission of a student's academic advisor, one winter term FMMC course may be counted as an elective. Students taking courses focused on film and media taught in a foreign language, either at Middlebury or abroad, may request major elective credit from the FMMC chair. Note that courses may not count toward both FMMC and another department's major or minor. Courses transferred from other institutions will normally count only as an elective toward the FMMC major, not to fulfill core requirements.
Minor: Three required courses - FMMC 0101 Aesthetics of the Moving Image, FMMC 0102 Film History, FMMC 0104 TV and American Culture. In addition, minors must take three additional courses that are listed or cross-listed as FMMC. At least one of the three electives must be at the 0300 or 0400-level. Only one of the three electives may be from the production/screenwriting area.
Joint Major: The joint major with FMMC is a combination of two disciplines, culminating in a joint senior project; the plan for joint majors is negotiated between the student and the two departments in which the joint program of study is pursued at the time of declaring the joint major. The senior project must combine aspects of both majors and in most cases will require approval, supervision, and evaluation from either departments or programs. The Film and Media Culture part of the joint major requires a minimum of seven courses, including the FMMC core requirements, FMMC 0700 Film and Media Senior Tutorial, and any courses required or appropriate prior to undertaking the joint senior project.FMMC supports concentrations in American Studies and Environmental Studies, as detailed on their respective pages.
Honors: The faculty of Film and Media Culture will award honors to select students based on their overall excellence in film and media coursework with a minimum GPA of 3.7, and on the merit of their senior project.

The following are goals that, by consensus of the Faculty, all First Year Seminars should provide students with the opportunity to achieve:

1. to learn what is expected intellectually and ethically for college-level work in the Liberal Arts;

2. to engage seriously with the topic to which ones seminar is devoted;

3. to develop skills in widely accessible yet scholarly presentation (written and oral), involving observation, analysis, argumentation, research, and the use of sources;

4. to become (with the help of advising) active in exploring academic and professional interests, and to find rewarding ways to participate in intellectual life in the Liberal Arts.

Different seminars may approach these goals in different ways, and individual seminar instructors may, at their discretion, add further goals. In accordance with Goal 1, seminars tend to emphasize academic and intellectual curiosity, generosity, integrity, honesty, and effort in written work, discussion, and oral presentation. Seminars may also stress, in their teaching of writing or in their approaches to their topics, the importance of diversity, personal responsibility, and community to intellectual achievement.

In accordance with Goal 3, First Year Seminar students can expect to work on widely accessible analytical writing. Some seminars may assign other kinds of writing as well. Learning to write and speak in First Year Seminars is often not merely acquiring techniques or formulas of persuasive rhetoric, but rather learning about a particular topic, and how to discuss it accurately and compellingly, through writing and speaking. The topics of some seminars may be interdisciplinary, those of others representative of particular disciplines.

In accordance with Goal 4, First Year Seminar instructors (Middlebury College faculty members) also serve as academic advisors for students until the students select their majors (by the middle of the second year at Middlebury). We have found that no one is better equipped to fulfill the role of academic advisor to a new student than a professor who works closely with that student.

Required for the Major in French: Total of no fewer than 10 courses. All courses for the major must be taught in French.

I.Two introductory-level courses in literature and methodology: FREN 0210*, FREN 0221*, or specified courses in France (Paris, Poitiers, Bordeaux), or Cameroon; or equivalent in the Middlebury summer French School when offered.
II.One course in contemporary French or Francophone studies (literature, politics, film, anthropology, etc.): FREN 0230, courses on contemporary France, or specified French or Francophone studies in France (Paris, Poitiers, Bordeaux), or Cameroon; or equivalent in the Middlebury summer French School when offered.
III.One course on the history of France or a Francophone region or country.
IV.Three advanced courses in French or Francophone studies (FREN 0300 level).
V. One unit of senior work, usually a senior seminar (FREN 0400 level. Honors candidates may fulfill the senior work requirement by writing an Honors essay (FREN 0700) or Honors thesis (FREN 0701).

During their senior year, majors must take at least one advanced course (Category IV) in French at Middlebury in addition to the senior seminar.

Other courses counting for the major include:

(1) At the Vermont campus: FREN 0205, FREN 0255, among others; certain advanced courses offered during the winter term (with permission of the chair); certain summer courses at the 0300 (intermediate) or 0400 (advanced) level; and,

(2) In France and Cameroon: language and linguistics courses; comparative literature (with a major French or Francophone component); French or Francophone arts, theatre, cinema, television, or politics.

All majors study abroad for a semester or a year in a French-speaking country. The year program carries nine units of credit; the semester program carries four or five units of credit. In order to ensure that students are exposed to a variety of disciplines, no more than five units (full-year program) or three units (semester program) may be counted toward a Middlebury French major. Most courses in France will be at the advanced level.
The French Department does not offer a joint major.

Required for a Minor in French: Minimum of five courses, FREN 0205 and above, including at least two introductory courses (FREN 0210*, FREN 0221*, FREN 0230) and at least one course at the advanced level (Category IV) to be taken during the students final two semesters. The minor may include courses taken at the Middlebury School in France or the School in Cameroon (maximum of two from the semester program, three from the full-year program). Students electing the French minor are encouraged to consult with faculty members in the French Department about course planning.

Students with a College Board AP score of 4 or 5 will receive one unit of credit toward graduation if the first course successfully completed at Middlebury is FREN 0210 or above in accordance with placement and departmental advising. AP credits may not be counted toward the major or minor.

Senior Work: Upon completing at least two 0300-level courses in French or Francophone studies, majors are required to complete senior work consisting of a significant research paper in the context of a senior seminar (0400-level).

Honors: Exceptional students with a grade point average in French of 3.8 or higher may petition the department to pursue an independent project for honors in French. Candidates for honors may propose a one-semester senior honors essay (FREN 0700) or a senior honors thesis (FREN 0701, one semester and winter term). Eligible students should consult the departmental guidelines and present their proposals well in advance of registration for the term in which the work is to be started. The department will determine whether to award honors, high honors, or highest honors on the basis of a student's work in the department and performance on the senior honors project.
International and Global Studies Major with French Language: Along with other required courses and senior work as described in the International and Global Studies Major section, completion of the French language component requires: (1) proficiency in French (a minimum of two of FREN 0210*, 0221*, 0230, or work in the French summer school at the 0300 level or above); (2) at least one semester, and preferably a year, at the Middlebury College School in France, or in Cameroon, or in another French-speaking country; and (3) one or more courses at the 0300 or 0400-level upon return from abroad.

International and Global Studies Major, European Studies Track:
[For Classes of 2015.5 and 2016 only. New rules, available in the International and Global Studies section, apply to the Class of 2017]
(1) Language proficiency: see above; (2) regional specialization: choose from FREN 0230 and courses at the 0300-level, or others (Vermont campus), in consultation with the track director; courses in French or Francophone studies at Middlebury in France or in another French-speaking country; (3) disciplinary specialization: two courses from FREN 0210*, 0221*, 0230; three advanced French or Francophone studies courses at Middlebury or one of the Middlebury Schools in France; (4) at least one semester, and preferably a year, at the Middlebury College School in France or in another French-speaking country; and (5) one or more courses at the 0300 or 0400 level, or senior independent work in French, upon return from abroad.

Study Abroad in France and in Cameroon: Middlebury offers both year and semester abroad programs in France (Paris, Poitiers and Bordeaux) and in Cameroon. Students planning to study in France or Cameroon must have completed two full years of college credit by the time they undertake their study abroad; they must have successfully completed at least one course beyond FREN 0210* (either FREN 0221* or FREN 0230) by the time they arrive abroad; and they must have an average in French of at least B. We expect all applicants to demonstrate their commitment to French and maintain their fluency by continuous study of French from the time of their enrollment at Middlebury and to maintain their academic level if they are accepted to study abroad. They are required to take a French course in the semester before study abroad. Students may count three courses from the semester program, five from the full year program toward a major in French; two courses from the semester program and three from the full year program toward a minor in French.

It should be noted that while students wishing to attend one of our programs in France or in Cameroon must demonstrate a level of proficiency in the language that will allow them to function successfully in the French or Cameroonian university setting, they need not be French majors: the C.V. Starr-Middlebury School in France (Paris, Poitiers, and Bordeaux) offers students the opportunity to take courses in history, history of art, economics, cinema, political science, psychology, sociology, studio art, the natural sciences, and the environment, among other disciplines, in addition to courses in languages and literature. Students interested in studying abroad should speak to someone in the Office of International Programs & Off-Campus Study, Sunderland Language Center, well in advance of applying. They will need to seek prior approval of School in France and School in Cameroon courses from the appropriate department chairs if they wish course work to count toward a specific minor or major. The Office of Off-Campus Study will provide information about the program and application forms.

*Where FREN 210 and FREN 221 are referenced, new courses FREN 209 and FREN 220 can replace respectively.

Program in Gender, Sexuality, & Feminist Studies

All students declaring a GSFS major, joint major, or minor beginning Fall 2017 will adopt the following requirements. Students who declared their major prior to Fall 2017 may choose whether to adopt these requirements or to complete their study following the old requirements (see below).

The major requires a minimum of ten courses and comprises several discrete aspects, as outlined below
Major requirements (10 courses):

• GSFS/SOAN 0191
• GSFS 0200
• GSFS 0289
• GSFS 0320
• GSFS 0400

Breadth Requirements: 2 courses, one in each

a. Critical Race Feminisms
b. National/Transnational Feminism

• Electives (2 courses) bearing the GSFS prefix
• Senior Work (one-semester capstone or two-semester thesis)

Breadth Requirements(two courses):To ensure that students are conversant with and have some in-depth knowledge of the key concerns animating the field, they must take at least one course each from two breadth requirements. Courses meeting the breadth requirement can be found on the Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies webpage.

• Critical Race Feminisms
• National/Transnational Feminisms

Senior Work: All majors must enroll in GSFS 0700, a one-semester capstone, where they will complete a portfolio and an essay critically engaging with their accumulated knowledge about gender, sexuality and feminism. With permission, some majors may extend this to a two-semester thesis (GSFS 0710), conducting original research. In GSFS 0710, students produce a formal written document, but also have the flexibility to produce a multi-media project such as a movie, or a creative activity such as a performance or an installation project.

Senior work provides one of the primary means through which students demonstrate their critical thinking skills and their ability to communicate complex ideas effectively and persuasively. This is the primary means through which the programs learning goals will be assessed; advisors will provide their assessment in writing to the students. A public presentation is part of the senior work requirements.

Joint Major:The joint major is comprised of 7 courses each in the two disciplines/programs. For GSFS, the requirement includes:

• GSFS 0191
• GSFS 0200
• GSFS 0320
• Breadth Requirements, 2 courses, one each in:

a. Critical Race Feminisms

b. National/Transnational Feminisms

• One elective bearing the GSFS prefix
• Senior Work that combines both majors and is agreed upon by the advisers and department or program chairs (or designees) involved.
  Minor Requirements: The minor comprises five courses including:
• Two of the following courses: GSFS 0191, 0200, 0289
• GSFS 0320
• Two additional GSFS courses at least one of which fulfills the Critical Race Feminisms breadth requirement

Requirements prior to Fall 2017:

The major requires a minimum of ten courses and comprises several discrete aspects, as outlined below. Some of the courses can be double-counted if they fulfill different requirements within the major.

Major requirements (10 courses):

• SOAN/GSFS 0191
• One introductory course from the humanities, such as GSFS 0102, or GSFS 0234, or approved by the director
• GSFS 0200
• GSFS 0320
• Two courses to fulfill the Breadth Requirements (explained below)
• Three electives bearing the GSFS prefix, one of which must be at the 0300-level or higher and one that must be at the 0400-level or higher
• Senior Work (one-semester senior essay or multi-semester thesis)

Joint Major: The joint major is comprised of 7 courses each in the two disciplines. For GSFS, the requirement includes:

• SOAN/GSFS 0191
• GSFS 0200
• GSFS 0320
• Breadth requirement 1
• Breadth requirement 2
• One elective
• Senior Work

Breadth Requirements (two courses): To ensure that students are conversant with and have some in-depth knowledge of the key concerns animating the field, they must take at least one course each from two of three breadth requirements. Courses meeting the breadth requirement can be found on the Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies webpage.

• Intersectionality/Critical Race
• Critical Sexuality Studies
• Gender in National/Transnational Contexts

Senior Work: Majors are required to complete an independent project that applies feminist theory and methodology. The project may be either a one-semester senior essay or other creative work (GSFS 0700), or a multi-semester senior thesis (GSFS 0710).

Minor Requirements: The minor comprises five courses including:

• one introductory course from among SOAN/GSFS 0191, ENAM/GSFS 0102, or PHIL/GSFS 0234
• GSFS 0200
• GSFS 0320
• two electives bearing the GSFS prefix

Required for the Major: The geography major consists of 10 courses. All students who elect to major in geography must complete: GEOG 0100; GEOG 0120; five elective courses at the 0200-level; one course at the 0300-level; one 0400-level seminar; and GEOL 0112 or GEOL 0170. Only one of the 0200-level courses may be numbered 0250 or above. An additional 0300-level course can be used as a substitute for a 0200-level elective. The electives and the seminar must be selected in consultation with, and approved by, the major advisor.
Required for a Joint Major: The Geography Department offers joint majors with Environmental Studies, Computer Science, and the History of Art and Architecture. Students wishing to pursue a joint major with any other department must submit a formal proposal to their intended Geography advisor for departmental approval. The proposal must describe the proposed program of study, including educational rationale and specific courses to be taken. All joint majors must complete joint senior work in Geography or an equivalent, approved by the advisor.
The Geography/Environmental Studies joint major requires GEOG 0100; GEOG 0120; three courses at the 0200-level (none of which may be numbered 0250 or above); one course at the 0300-level; and one 0400-level seminar. The electives, the seminar, and the joint senior work must be selected in consultation with, and approved by, the students Geography advisor.
The Geography/Computer Science and the Geography/History of Art & Architecture joint majors require GEOG 0100; GEOG 0120; three courses at the 0200-level (none of which may be numbered 0250 or above); one course at the 0300-level; one 0400-level seminar; and senior work at the 700 or 701-702 level in Geography that demonstrates connections between the two disciplines. The electives, the seminar, and senior work must be selected in consultation with, and approved by, the students Geography advisor.
Required for a Minor: GEOG 0100, GEOG 0120, and three additional courses.
Advanced Placement: One course credit will be awarded for an advanced placement (AP) score of 5 in human geography. Geography majors who receive a 5 on the AP exam may count this course credit as one 0200-level equivalent toward their major requirements, but are still required to complete GEOG 0100. The AP credit may not be used to satisfy joint major or minor requirements.
Geography Specialization in International Studies: GEOG 0100; GEOG 0120; three courses from GEOG 0207, GEOG 0210, GEOG 0214, GEOG 0215, GEOG 0220, GEOG 0223, GEOG 0225; and one GEOG 0400-level seminar. Students writing a thesis must also take GEOG 0325 (formerly GEOG 0310) or GEOG 0339.
Departmental Honors: Students who seek to earn honors are required to write a two-credit honors thesis. They must have at least a 3.3 GPA in the major when they propose the thesis and must have a 3.5 GPA in the major, not including the thesis grade, to be considered for honors upon graduation. In order to complete a senior thesis, students must have a proposal approved by a primary thesis advisor and a secondary departmental reader prior to registering for the first 0701 credit. Upon completion of the thesis, thesis students will present their work in a public lecture and defend the thesis in front of the departmental faculty. Thesis presentations and defenses will typically take place during the final week of classes or the examination period. Upon completion of the presentation and defense, the primary advisor and secondary departmental reader will be responsible for evaluating and grading the thesis. It is strongly encouraged that students considering a thesis discuss their ideas with an advisor during the semester prior to registering for formal thesis credits. Honors will be conferred or denied on the basis of an evaluation of the thesis by the faculty and the students GPA in the major, as explained above.

Required for the Major:The program for a geology major consists of 11 courses within the department and two additional cognate courses. These courses must include:

(1) One 0100-level course (we strongly recommend Environmental Geology (GEOL 0112), Elements of Oceanography (GEOL 0161) or Dynamic Earth (GEOL 0170)).

(2) Four core courses: Bedrock Geology of Vermont (GEOL 0201), Mineralogy (GEOL 0211), and Structural Geology (GEOL 0281) are required, plus either Geomorphic Processes (GEOL 0251) or Surface and Ground Water (GEOL 0255).

(3) Four elective courses (GEOL 0200-level or higher) chosen from the Middlebury geology curriculum, at least two of which must be at the GEOL 0300-level. A maximum of two electives (total) can be GEOL 0500, courses taken off campus (with approval of the Chair), or a combination of the two.

(4) Two cognate courses (any Biology, Chemistry, or Physics laboratory course, or Math 0116 or higher).

(5) Two Credits of Senior Work (GEOL 0400 and GEOL 0700)

The two course senior sequence (GEOL 0400 and 0700) is the culmination of the geology major and consists of original research based on field and/or laboratory investigations by the student. The requirements for the major listed above are considered to be minimal. We suggest students planning a career in geology or the earth sciences take additional courses in other sciences and mathematics, as well as additional geology courses. The requirements for the major allow for considerable flexibility and thus students should consult regularly with their geology department advisors for the selection of specific courses.

Geology Minor: A total of five courses is required. The minor shall consist of one introductory course (either GEOL 0112 or GEOL 0161 or GEOL 0170), plus four higher-level courses, which must include GEOL 0201 or GEOL 0211, and at least one 0300-level course. After completing an introductory geology course, students who intend to minor in geology should arrange specific 0200- and 0300-level courses with the geology chair or designate. Only one GEOL 0500 or off-campus course can count toward the minor.

Departmental Honors in geology are based primarily on outstanding work in original research (GEOL 0700), and are related to course grades only in the context of guidelines in the College Handbook.

Requirements for the Major: Students are normally required to complete eight courses in German, above GRMN 0299, including at least one advanced level seminar (above GRMN 0399) or a 0700 level honors thesis during the senior year. Where appropriate, one course may be taken in English. At the beginning of each term a placement test is administered for incoming students to determine which course would be most suitable for their level of competence. The department expects that majors will spend at least one semester of study in a German-speaking country before graduating. Normally, they will spend one or two semesters at the Freie Universitt in Berlin and/or the Johannes-Gutenberg Universitt in Mainz. Before enrolling in one of our Schools in Germany, students must complete two courses at the 0300-level. For more information, please consult Study in Germany.
Honors: To be a candidate for honors, students must have an average of at least B+ in German. Honors work (a senior thesis or project) is normally done during a student's last year at Middlebury.
Minor in German: The German minor consists of a sequence of five courses, taught in German, starting at or above the 0200-level. At least three of those courses must be at the 0300-level or higher. First-year students who place above the 0200-level in the placement test must take at least one 0400-level course as part of their minor. One course may be satisfied through advanced placement (AP) credit in combination with a departmental placement test. Students who receive AP credit start their minor on the 0300-level.
Credit for Advanced Placement is given for scores of 4 or 5, a high score on the departmental placement test, and a placement conference with the student. In addition, the student must successfully complete at least one course above the 0200-level in the department, taught in German, to qualify for AP credit.
Germany: The Middlebury School in Germany has sites located in Berlin and Mainz.

The purpose of the Global Health minor is to encourage students to take an interdisciplinary perspective when thinking about global health problems. The minor in Global Health is more flexible than many other majors and minors on campus. Students design a course of study within the minor that fits their own educational goals. Choosing courses therefore requires substantial thought and planning on the part of the student.

The minor in Global Health is available to students who complete the courses listed below. No course for the minor may also count towards a students major. No more than two courses taken from the same department may count towards the minor.

All students must take a total of five courses for the minor:

(1) the core course:

SOAN 0267 Global Health or INTD 0257 Global Health

(2) One of the following methods courses (if the methods requirement is met through coursework for a major, students may substitute an additional elective in place of a methods class):

BIOL 0211 Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis
ECON 0210 Economic Statistics
GEOG 0120 Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems
MATH 0116 Introduction to Statistical Science
PSCI 1130 Statistics for Social Sciences
PSYC 0201 Psychological Statistics
SOAN 0302 The Research Process: Ethnography and Qualitative Methods
AP credit for Statistics

(3) Three elective courses; no more than one course may be a 0100-level course. Classes that count as electives are listed on the Courses tab.

Many other appropriate courses exist on campus, depending on the educational goals of a particular student. Courses may be substituted for the methods or elective courses with the approval of the program director. Approval requires submission of a petition form found here. Approval of a course for minor credit requires the student to show that they made connections between the course material and their study of Global Health, for example by writing a final paper on a public health topic. Students must turn in this paper or other approved course material for review for credit.

To declare the minor, submit the following to the Program Director: (1) a minor declaration form (http://www.middlebury.edu/offices/academic/records/Forms/stuforms) and (2) a 200-500 word statement explaining how the classes you chose fit together and further your educational goals within the field of Global Health. To declare the minor, these materials must be submitted at least one week before the end of the add period of your seventh semester at Middlebury.

In addition, students minoring in Global Health are strongly encouraged to take advantage of Middleburys resources by studying abroad, preferably in a program with health-related courses, and by becoming proficient in a foreign language.

Middlebury offers courses in both Classical and Modern Hebrew, and students may focus on one or the other in the Minor in Hebrew. (Knowledge of one stage in the history of Hebrew may complement the other; students may therefore combine the study of Classical and Modern Hebrew, within the guidelines below.) Courses taken in the summer at the Brandeis University-Middlebury School of Hebrew will be granted credit toward the minor. Courses taken elsewhere may be granted credit with the permission of the Hebrew faculty.

Students should plan the minor with following limitations in mind:

a. Beginning Modern Hebrew is offered every fall term.

b. Beginning Classical Hebrew is normally offered in alternate years with the next sequence beginning in the 2012-2013 academic year.

Requirements for the Minor

Modern Track:
(I) Four semesters of Modern Hebrew starting at the level of HEBM 0102 or higher; plus (II) a fifth course in Modern Hebrew, or a course taken abroad in Hebrew, or a course on Hebrew literature in translation (e.g. HEBR 0220), or a course in Classical Hebrew beyond the introductory level (HEBR 0102 or higher). When appropriate, students may also register for independent study (HEBM 0500) to fulfill requirements for a course in Modern Hebrew.

Classical Track:
(I) Three semesters of Classical Hebrew (HEBR 0101-0102-0201 or higher); (II) either CLAS/RELI 0262 The Formation of Judaism in Antiquity or RELI 0280 Hebrew Bible/Old Testament; plus (III) either a fourth semester of Classical Hebrew (HEBR 0301 or higher) or a course in Modern Hebrew beyond the introductory level (HEBM 0102 or higher).

Required for the Major in History: For students who entered prior to Fall 2017, each major must take 11 history courses before graduation, including: (1) at least one but no more than three 0100-level courses; (2) at least one course in European history (which may include Russia/Soviet Union); (3) at least one course in United States history; (4) and at least one course in the history of Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, or Russia/Soviet Union, all to be taken at the 0200-level or higher.(A course in Russia/Soviet Union may not be used for more than one geographical area); (5) a 0400-level reading seminar; (6) HIST 0600; (7) a two-term senior thesis, which counts as two of the required 11 courses.

Two of the courses required for the major must deal primarily with the period before 1800. Courses which qualify for the pre-1800 requirement are identified in the course descriptions and a list is available from the department. In addition to winter term senior thesis study, one other winter term history course may be counted toward the eleven courses necessary for a major in history. Under extenuating circumstances, and with the written permission of the chair, one cognate course in historical aspects of other disciplines may count toward a major in history.
Students planning to spend all or part of the junior year abroad should consult with the department before the second semester of the sophomore year.

Students entering in Fall 2017 or later must take 11 history courses before graduation, including: (1) at least one but no more than three 0100-level courses; (2) three courses, 0200-level or above, in three of the following six areas: Americas; Europe; Middle East and North Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; South, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific; North Asia including China, Korea, Japan, and the Asian Steppes; (3) a 0400-level reading seminar; (4) HIST 0600; (5) a two-term senior thesis, which counts as two of the required 11 courses.

Two of the courses required for the major must deal primarily with the period before 1800. Courses which qualify for the pre-1800 requirement are identified in the course descriptions and a list is available from the department. In addition to winter term senior thesis study, one other winter term history course may be counted toward the eleven courses necessary for a major in history.
Under extenuating circumstances, and with the written permission of the chair, one cognate course in historical aspects of other disciplines may count toward a major in history.
Students planning to spend all or part of the junior year abroad should consult with the department before the second semester of the sophomore year.

Advanced Placement: Up to two AP history courses, with a grade of 4 or 5, can count toward the major requirement of 11 history courses, but cannot be used to fulfill any specific requirements listed above. Students counting AP European History may not count HIST 0103 or 0104 toward the major, and those counting AP U.S. History may not count HIST 0203 or 0204 toward the major.

Joint Major: For students who entered prior to Fall 2017, a student who is a joint major in history and another department must take a total of at least eight courses in history, chosen in consultation with a faculty advisor. Cognates are not allowed. A student must take at least one course in two of three sub-fields: Europe, North America, and AAL (Asia, Africa, Latin America, Middle East, Russia/Soviet Union), and one course in the period before 1800. The choice of courses should depend upon the need to achieve an intellectual coherence and integrity in the student's program. Joint majors must take a 0400-level reading seminar, HIST 0600, and must write a two-term thesis combining the skills of both major disciplines.

Students entering in Fall 2017 or later must take a total of at least eight courses in history, chosen in consultation with a faculty advisor. Cognates are not allowed. A student must take at least one course in two of the following six areas: Americas; Europe; Middle East and North Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; South, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific; North Asia including China, Korea, Japan, and the Asian Steppes. The choice of courses should depend upon the need to achieve an intellectual coherence and integrity in the student's program. Joint majors must take a 0400-level reading seminar, HIST 0600, and must write a two-term thesis combining the skills of both major disciplines.

Minors in History: Students must take a total of five courses, including one 0100-level course, one 0200-level course and one 0400-level course. No more than two courses may be taken abroad or at another undergraduate institution. Cognate courses from other disciplines will not normally be permitted.
AP and IB credit cannot be counted towards a minor in history.

Honors: To earn departmental honors, high honors*, or highest honors** a student must have at least a 3.4, 3.5*, or 3.67** average or above in history department courses other than the senior thesis, have an oral examination on the senior thesis, and receive a grade of at least B+, A-*, or A** on the thesis (HIST 0700).

HIST 0100-Level Courses
The 0100-level courses (0100-0199) deal with events and processes that affect human societies over long periods of time and across broad geographical areas not confined to national boundaries. These courses include components that act as introductions to the field of history.

HIST 0200-Level Courses
These are lecture courses that deal with a single cultural or national entity, or a clearly related group of such entities, over a substantial period of time (usually a century or more).

HIST 0300-Level Courses
These courses, for the most part, are topically focused courses. Many of them are lecture courses and some are taught in a seminar format. These are not, however, seminars that fulfill the reading seminar requirement.

HIST 0400Level Reading Seminars
Unlike the courses below the 0400 level, which are primarily lecture courses, these courses are reading seminars on particular periods or topics. They are open to all students, although in cases of overcrowding, history majors will be given priority. First-year students are admitted only by waiver.

HIST 0600 Research Seminar
All history majors are required to take HIST 0600 their junior fall or, if abroad at that time, their senior fall semester. In this course students will conceive, research, and write a work of history based on primary source material. After reading and discussion on historical methods and research strategies, students will pursue a paper topic as approved by the course professors.

International and Global Studies Seminars
These seminars are "capstone" courses required for the International and Global Studies major. They are thematic, interdisciplinary, cross-regional, and team-taught. Students who are not International and Global Studies majors may take these courses for departmental credit, but they will not normally fulfill the History Department major requirement of a 0400-level seminar.

HIST 0700 Senior Independent Study
All senior history majors will write a two-term thesis under an advisor in the area of their choosing. The department encourages students to do their theses during the fall and winter terms. Fall/spring theses are also acceptable and, with permission of the chair, winter/spring. On rare occasions, with departmental approval given for compelling reasons, a thesis may be initiated in the spring of an academic year and finished in the fall of the following year. All students beginning their thesis in a given academic year must attend the Thesis Writers' Workshops held in the fall and winter of that year. Further information about the thesis is available from the department.

Required for the Major, History of Art Track (11 courses): HARC 0100 (Monuments and Ideas in Western Art); HARC 0102 (Monuments and Ideas in Asian Art) or another course in non-Western art and architecture; one course in studio art or HARC 0120 (DesignLab) or HARC 0130 (Intro to Architectural Design); HARC 0301 (Ways of Seeing; sophomore or junior year; prerequisite for HARC 0710 and HARC 0711); at least five additional courses in the history of art or architecture distributed among several historical periods or traditions, with at least one being at the 0300-level or above; HARC 0710 (Senior Thesis Research Seminar, fall of senior year); HARC 0711 (Senior Thesis, winter term senior year). Advisory: Graduate programs in the history of art and classical archaeology require students to pass reading examinations in at least two foreign languages. Students can improve job prospects by acquiring practical experience, such as internships or participation in the Museum Assistants Program (MAP).
Joint Major, History of Art Track (eight courses): HARC 0100 (Monuments and Ideas in Western Art ); HARC 0102 (Monuments and Ideas in Asian Art) or another course in non-Western art and architecture; HARC 0301 (Ways of Seeing; sophomore or junior year; prerequisite for HARC 0710 and HARC 0711); three additional courses in the history of art or architecture distributed among several historical periods or traditions, one of which should be at the 0300-level or above; HARC 0710 (Senior Thesis Research Seminar, fall of senior year); HARC 0711 (Senior Thesis, winter term of senior year). A proposed program of study, including educational rationale and specific courses to be taken, must be submitted to the department for approval before registering as a joint major.
Minor, History of Art Track (six courses): HARC 0100 (Monuments and Ideas in Western Art); HARC 0102 (Monuments and Ideas in Asian Art) or another course in non-Western art and architecture; four additional courses in the history of art or architecture distributed among several historical periods or traditions.

Requirements for the Major, Museum Studies Track (11 courses): HARC 0100 (Monuments and Ideas in Western Art); HARC 0102 (Monuments and Ideas in Asian Art) or another course in non-Western art and architecture; HARC 0248; HARC 0301; HARC 0540 (MAP Participation for credit), or a pre-approved internship, or a pre-approved independent project (HARC 0510) if a suitable faculty member is available to supervise it; HARC 0710; HARC 0761; four additional courses in history of art or architecture distributed among several historical periods or traditions, with at least one being at the 0300-level or above.
Joint Major, Museum Studies Track (eight courses): HARC 0100 or HARC 0102; HARC 0248; HARC0 0301; HARC 0540, or an approved internship, or a pre-approved independent project (HARC 0510); HARC 0710; HARC 0761; Two electives in HARC to be selected in consultation with the advisor.
Minor, Museum Studies Track (six courses): HARC 0100 or HARC 0102; HARC 0248; HARC 0540 (MAP Participation for credit)or a pre-approved independent project (HARC 0510) if a suitable faculty member is available to supervise it;Three HARC electives to be selected in consultation with the advisor.

Honors: Honors are awarded to students with a GPA** of 3.5 and a thesis grade of B+ or higher; high honors to students with a GPA of 3.7 and a thesis grade of A- or A; and highest honors to students with a GPA of 3.8 and a thesis grade of A.
** The History of Art + Architecture GPA is calculated on the basis of those courses that satisfy or could potentially satisfy the requirements for the major. Only courses taken on the Middlebury College campus and applied towards the major will be used in the calculation of GPA for purposes of determining honors. Study abroad and transfer courses will not be used.
Please note: Courses offered by other departments and programs may, by prior departmental approval, be used to satisfy elective requirements.

Architectural Studies Program
Required for the Major, Architectural Studies Track (11 courses): HARC 0100 (Monuments and Ideas in Western Art); HARC 0102 (Monuments and Ideas in Asian Art) or another course in non-Western art and architecture; HARC 0120 (DesignLab) or another approved course in studio art, theatre set or lighting design, or dance; HARC 0130 (Introduction to Architectural Design); HARC 0230 (Modern Architecture); HARC 0330 (Intermediate Architectural Design), or a pre-approved substitute taken off-campus; three additional courses that deal with architectural history, urbanism, or contemporary visual culture; and HARC 0731 (Thesis in Architectural Studies: Research) and HARC 0732 (Thesis in Architectural Studies: Design), open only to HARC majors and joint majors, to be taken sequentially. Advisory: This major track does not result in a professional degree in architecture. Many graduate architecture schools expect applicants to have taken a survey of modern architecture as well as college-level courses in calculus and physics.
Joint Major, Architectural Studies Track (eight courses): HARC 0100 (Monuments and Ideas in Western Art); HARC 0102 (Monuments and Ideas in Asian Art) or another course in non-Western art and architecture; HARC 0130 (Introduction to Architectural Design); HARC 0230 (Modern Architecture); HARC 0330 (Intermediate Architectural Design), or a pre-approved substitute taken off-campus; one additional course that deals with architectural history, urbanism, or contemporary visual culture; and HARC 0731 (Thesis in Architectural Studies: Research) and HARC 0732 (Thesis in Architectural Studies: Design), open only to HARC majors and joint majors, to be taken sequentially. A proposed program of study, including educational rationale and specific courses to be taken, must be submitted to the department for approval before registering as a joint major. Advisory: This joint major track does not result in a professional degree in architecture. Many graduate architecture schools expect applicants to have taken a survey of modern architecture as well as college-level courses in calculus and physics.
Joint Major, Architectural Studies/ Environmental Studies "Architecture and the Environment" (15 courses): ENVS 0112, ENVS 0211, ENVS 0215, and GEOG 0120, all to be taken before the end of junior year; two ES Cognate Courses (both science courses with labs, listed under Environmental Studies); HARC 0100; HARC 0130; HARC 0230; HARC 0231; HARC 0330 or a pre-approved substitute to be taken off-campus; one additional course that deals with architectural history, urbanism, or contemporary visual culture; ENVS 0401; and HARC 0731 (Thesis in Architectural Studies: Research) and HARC 0732 (Thesis in Architectural Studies: Design), open only to HARC majors and joint majors, to be taken sequentially. Advisory: This joint major track does not result in a professional degree in architecture. Many graduate architecture schools expect applicants to have taken a survey of modern architecture as well as college-level courses in calculus and physics.
Minor, Architectural Studies (five courses): HARC 0100 (Monuments and Ideas in Western Art); HARC 0102 (Monuments and Ideas in Asian Art) or another course in non-Western art and architecture; HARC 0130 (Introduction to Architectural Design); HARC 0230 (Modern Architecture); and HARC 330 (Intermediate Architectural Design) or a pre-approved substitute taken off-campus. Advisory: many graduate architecture schools expect applicants to have taken calculus, physics, and a survey of modern architecture.
Honors: Honors in all tracks are awarded to students with a GPA** of 3.5 and a thesis grade of B+ or higher; high honors to students with a GPA of 3.7 and a thesis grade of A- or A; and highest honors to students with a GPA of 3.8 and a thesis grade of A.
** The History of Art + Architecture GPA is calculated on the basis of those courses that satisfy or could potentially satisfy the requirements for the major.

Required for the Major, Architectural Studies Track (11 courses): HARC 0100 (Monuments and Ideas in Western Art); HARC 0102 (Monuments and Ideas in Asian Art) or another course in non-Western art and architecture; HARC 0120 (DesignLab) or another approved course in studio art, theatre set or lighting design, or dance; HARC 0130 (Introduction to Architectural Design); HARC 0230 (Modern Architecture); HARC 0330 (Intermediate Architectural Design), or a pre-approved substitute taken off-campus; three additional courses that deal with architectural history, urbanism, or contemporary visual culture; and HARC 0731 (Thesis in Architectural Studies: Research) and HARC 0732 (Thesis in Architectural Studies: Design), open only to HARC majors and joint majors, to be taken sequentially. Advisory: This major track does not result in a professional degree in architecture. Many graduate architecture schools expect applicants to have taken a survey of modern architecture as well as college-level courses in calculus and physics.
Joint Major, Architectural Studies Track (eight courses): HARC 0100 (Monuments and Ideas in Western Art); HARC 0102 (Monuments and Ideas in Asian Art) or another course in non-Western art and architecture; HARC 0130 (Introduction to Architectural Design); HARC 0230 (Modern Architecture); HARC 0330 (Intermediate Architectural Design), or a pre-approved substitute taken off-campus; one additional course that deals with architectural history, urbanism, or contemporary visual culture; and HARC 0731 (Thesis in Architectural Studies: Research) and HARC 0732 (Thesis in Architectural Studies: Design), open only to HARC majors and joint majors, to be taken sequentially. A proposed program of study, including educational rationale and specific courses to be taken, must be submitted to the department for approval before registering as a joint major. Advisory: This joint major track does not result in a professional degree in architecture. Many graduate architecture schools expect applicants to have taken a survey of modern architecture as well as college-level courses in calculus and physics.
Joint Major, Architectural Studies/ Environmental Studies "Architecture and the Environment" (15 courses): ENVS 0112, ENVS 0211, ENVS 0215, and GEOG 0120, all to be taken before the end of junior year; two ES Cognate Courses (both science courses with labs, listed under Environmental Studies); HARC 0100; HARC 0130; HARC 0230; HARC 0231; HARC 0330 or a pre-approved substitute to be taken off-campus; one additional course that deals with architectural history, urbanism, or contemporary visual culture; ENVS 0401; and HARC 0731 (Thesis in Architectural Studies: Research) and HARC 0732 (Thesis in Architectural Studies: Design), open only to HARC majors and joint majors, to be taken sequentially. Advisory: This joint major track does not result in a professional degree in architecture. Many graduate architecture schools expect applicants to have taken a survey of modern architecture as well as college-level courses in calculus and physics.
Minor, Architectural Studies (five courses): HARC 0100 (Monuments and Ideas in Western Art); HARC 0102 (Monuments and Ideas in Asian Art) or another course in non-Western art and architecture; HARC 0130 (Introduction to Architectural Design); HARC 0230 (Modern Architecture); and HARC 330 (Intermediate Architectural Design) or a pre-approved substitute taken off-campus. Advisory: many graduate architecture schools expect applicants to have taken calculus, physics, and a survey of modern architecture.
Honors: Honors in all tracks are awarded to students with a GPA** of 3.5 and a thesis grade of B+ or higher; high honors to students with a GPA of 3.7 and a thesis grade of A- or A; and highest honors to students with a GPA of 3.8 and a thesis grade of A.
** The History of Art + Architecture GPA is calculated on the basis of those courses that satisfy or could potentially satisfy the requirements for the major.

(1)Courses in Political Science:PSCI 0103, PSCI 0109, PSCI 0304 and three electives in comparative politics or international relations. At least one elective should be a 0400-level senior seminar in comparative politics or international relations. See IP&E website for a list of eligible electives. PSCI 0304 must be taken at Middlebury College. Majors are encouraged to take ECON 0240 prior to PSCI 0304.
(2)Courses in Economics: ECON 0150, ECON 0155, ECON 0210, ECON 0240 and two electives with an international orientation. One elective should be a 0400-level senior seminar. See IP&E website for a list of eligible electives. At least four economics courses meeting the major requirements must be taken at Middlebury College, including the 0400-level seminar. Majors are encouraged to take ECON 0240 prior to PSCI 0304. Majors are strongly encouraged to take ECON 210 prior to any 400-level seminars.
(3)Language Study:Majors must achieve the language department's standard of linguistic competence before going abroad or must demonstrate equivalent competence in a language taught at Middlebury College through a language placement exam. Foreign language study while at Middlebury College is strongly encouraged.
(4)Term or Year Abroad:Under normal circumstances, this will be completed at one of the Middlebury schools abroad. Majors should complete PSCI 0103, PSCI 0109, ECON 0150, ECON 0155, and ECON 0210 before going abroad. Majors are encouraged, but not required, to take ECON 0240 and PS 0304 before studying abroad.

Advanced Placement: Students must take a minimum of 5 courses in each discipline. See the Advanced Placement policy for detailed information.
Winter Term Courses:Winter Term courses count towards the major only if they are listed on the IPEC Courses web page prior to winter term registration.
Double Majors and Minors: Because of the complex and interdisciplinary nature of the International Politics & Economics major, IPEC students are strongly advised not to pursue an additional major. In addition, IPEC majors may not minor in either economics or political science and may not major or minor in their primary language of focus.

Declaring a Major: To declare a major, students need to fill out both a major declaration form and an advising wizard form. Discuss your plan for completing the major (outlined on the advising wizard form) with your advisor who can be from either the political science or economics department. Have both your advisor and the Director of International Politics & Economics sign the major declaration form. Turn in one copy of both forms to the coordinator of International Politics & Economics. Turn in one copy of the major declaration form to the Registrar's Office.
First semester of senior year: Early in the first semester of your senior year, fill out both a degree audit sheet and an advising wizard form. Print out a copy of your unofficial transcript and evidence that any courses from abroad have been approved for IPEC major credit (such as an email approval from a chair or director, or information from the programs abroad office). Bring these items to the Director of International Politics & Economics no later than a week before registration for classes for your final semester. Once signed, turn in one copy of the advising wizard form and the degree audit sheet to the coordinator of International Politics & Economics. Turn in one copy of the degree audit sheet to the Registrar's Office.
Honors:In addition to their 12 required courses, qualifying students can choose to write a senior thesis. To launch a thesis project, students must obtain a thesis advisor in both political science and economics, and submit to their advisors a thesis prospectus for formal approval. To identify suitable thesis topics, it is highly recommended that IPEC thesis candidates begin consulting with the potential advisors during their junior year. For details, deadlines, and a timetable, see the Honors Thesis page.
Honors Thesis Requirements:The determination of honors, high honors, and highest honors is based on (1) the level of the grade achieved on the thesis; and (2) the level of the average grade received in all Middlebury College courses that count toward the IPEC major. Honors candidates must have an IPEC course average of 3.3 and a thesis grade of B+ to attain honors; an IPEC course average of at least 3.5 and a thesis grade of A- to attain high honors; and an IPEC course average of at least 3.7 and a thesis grade of A to attain highest honors. Note: Thesis grades do not count in the calculation of the GPA for honors, and a thesis cannot be pursued as a fifth course during any term.

International and Global Studies Requirements

General Requirements: A major must specialize in one of seven regional tracks: African Studies, East Asian Studies, European Studies, Latin American Studies, Middle East Studies, Russian and East European Studies, or South Asian Studies. IGS majors may not double-count any required language course towards their regional specialization.

Regardless of their track, all majors must complete: IGST 0101, five regional courses; and three global courses (from an existing list). Students must also study one of the non-English languages taught at Middlebury; study abroad for at least one semester; complete at least one advanced level language course upon return from abroad; and take a 0400 level senior seminar in IGS or in a different department, so long as the seminar is thematic and either regional or global.

Minors: There is no IGS minor. However, IGS majors are strongly encouraged to minor in any department or program that offers a minor and can accommodate them, so long as they do not double-count any course. Students wishing to minor in the department that teaches the IGS language of their focus should discuss their minor with the IGS director. For departments that do not offer a minor, students should consult the IGS or track director.

Specific Requirements: All IGS majors are required to take IGST 0101, and are expected to do so before studying abroad. IGST 0101 is not open to seniors except for those who declared the major as sophomores and spent the fall semester of their junior year abroad. Students who declare their major as a sophomorebut have not taken IGST 0101, and plan to study abroad for only one semestermust take it in the fall of their junior year prior to going abroad.

Language Study: Students must become proficient in one of the languages that Middlebury College teaches. Individual language departments determine what level of study constitutes proficiency, and students are expected to do advanced work in their target language. All majors must take at least one advanced course in the language of study upon returning from abroad and are encouraged to take more than one. The only exception to this language requirement is South Asian Studies majors: these students must study a language when abroad, but are not expected to achieve language proficiency or complete an advanced language course once they return. Instead, SAS majors must take one additional regional or global course.

Language Study for East Asian Studies: Students who already have native proficiency in Chinese must fulfill the language requirements for Japanese. Students who already have native proficiency in Japanese must fulfill the language requirements for Chinese. The Chairs of the Chinese and Japanese Studies departments or their designees determine what constitutes native proficiency by evaluating students individually through interviews or tests.

Note: for EAS majors whose language is Chinese, the language requirement is: (1) CHNS 0101-CHNS 0202 (strongly encouraged to attend Middlebury Chinese Summer School, or take CHNS 0301/0302); (2) one semester at one of the three Middlebury CV Starr Schools Abroad in China; and (3) any two of the following: CHNS 0411, 0412, 0426, OR 0475 upon return from study abroad in China.

Language Study for Latin American Studies: Students who place into Spanish 0220 or above must take at least two semesters of Portuguese (0210 and above) to fulfill the language requirement. Students who place into Portuguese 0215 or above must take at least two semesters of Spanish (0105 and above) to fulfill the language requirement.

Regional Specialization: IGS majors must take five courses that correspond to their regional track, in at least three departments and at least two divisions (students must consult with their advisors about the divisional requirement). At least three regional courses must be taken at Middlebury. For East Asian Studies majors, at least three of the regional courses should be exclusively or primarily on the country that is the focus of language study, and at least one should be on East Asia as a region orthe East Asian country that is not the focus of language study.

Global Courses: Students are required to take three global courses (from an existing list); only one can be at the 0100 level and none at the 0400 level. These global courses are thematic, trans-regional, and comparative, and will be selected in consultation with the advisor. Except for students who study abroad an entire year (see below), these courses must be taken on the Middlebury College campus.

Study Abroad: Students must study abroad for at least one semester (and preferably two) on a Middlebury-approved study abroad program in their region of focus. Study abroad must be in the language of study at Middlebury. Students who study abroad for one semesterand those who go abroad for the whole year but spend only one semester in their region of concentrationmay count one regional course, pending approval of the track director. Students who study abroad for a year in the same country or in the same regionmay count up to two regional courses, pending approval of the track director, and may also count one global course pending approval of the IGS director. Students should share the syllabi for all courses they wish to count with the track or program director respectively.

Advanced Placement: Advanced Placement credit will not count toward the major.

Senior Program: The senior program consists of: (1) a senior IGST seminar or a 400-level departmental senior seminar (in the Humanities or Social Sciences) that is thematic, and regional or global; and (2) an upper-level course, preferably two, in the language of emphasis after returning from abroad. South Asian Studies majors do not take an upper-level language course, but rather, one additional regional or global course. The language departments will determine which courses fulfill this requirement, in consultation with the program director.Note: because some departmental senior seminars have prerequisites, students who hope to enroll in these courses should plan ahead accordingly.

Honors: Students who seek to graduate with Honors may elect to write a two-term senior honors thesis. Students are eligible to write an honors thesis if they have a 3.5 GPA or better in all courses that count for the major. These include all language courses, all regional courses, all global courses, all courses taken abroad, and all courses with an IGST designation. Thesis grades do not count in the calculation of the GPA for honors. Thesis guidelines and procedures can be found atgo/igsthesis.

Honors are awarded to students with a GPA of 3.5 and a thesis grade of B+; high honors to students with a GPA of 3.7 and a thesis grade of A- or A; and highest honors to students with a GPA of 3.8 and a thesis grade of A.

Seniors wishing to pursue an independent research project within IGS (either in their own or another track) should register for IGST 0700.

Winter Term Course: Students may count up to one winter term course taken at Middlebury towards the regional requirements, pending approval of the track director. Students wishing to count a winter term course must provide the track director with a copy of the course syllabus.

Area Specializations

African Studies
Language/Culture: Language competency in French or Swahili; satisfactory completion of at least one advanced French course or one independent study in Swahili upon students return from abroad. If French is the language of emphasis, students must study an appropriate indigenous African language to a level of reasonable competence while abroad. The French Department will specify which courses fulfill the French requirement. The African Studies director will specify which courses fulfill the Swahili requirement.

Regional Specialization: See Courses and Requirements above.

Study Abroad: See Courses and Requirements above.

Senior Program: See Courses and Requirements above.

East Asian Studies
Language/Culture: Satisfactory completion of advanced work in either Chinese or Japanese. The Chinese and Japanese departments will specify which courses fulfill this requirement. Students who already have native or near-native proficiency in Japanese must fulfill the language requirements for Chinese, while students who already have native or near-native proficiency in Chinese must fulfill the language requirements for Japanese.

Regional Specialization: See Courses and Requirements above.

Study Abroad: See Courses and Requirements above.

Senior Program: See Courses and Requirements above.

European Studies
Language/Culture: Satisfactory completion of at least one advanced course taught in the language of emphasis (French, German, Italian, or Spanish). Individual departments will specify which courses fulfill these requirements.

Regional Specialization: See Courses and Requirements above.

Study Abroad: See Courses and Requirements above.

Senior Program: See Courses and Requirements above.

Latin American Studies
Language/Culture: Satisfactory completion of advanced work in either Portuguese or Spanish. Students who place into Spanish 0220 or above must take at least two semesters of Portuguese (0210 and above) to fulfill the language requirement. Students who place into Portuguese 0215 or above must take at least two semesters of Spanish (0105 and above) to fulfill the language requirement.

Regional Specialization: See Courses and Requirements above.

Study Abroad: See Courses and Requirements above.

Senior Program: See Courses and Requirements above.

Middle East Studies
Language/Culture: Successful completion of three years of Arabic or Modern Hebrew (or the equivalent as determined by the Arabic or Hebrew program). Students who choose Modern Hebrew must be willing to pursue language study beyond Middlebury, if the Colleges Hebrew program is unable to offer a full range of advanced courses.

Regional Specialization: See Courses and Requirements above.

Study Abroad: See Courses and Requirements above.

Senior Program: See Courses and Requirements above.

Russian and East European Studies
Language/Culture: Satisfactory completion of at least second- and preferably third-level Russian or the Russian School equivalent.

Regional Specialization: See Courses and Requirements above.

Study Abroad: See Courses and Requirements above.

Senior Program: See Courses and Requirements above.

South Asian Studies
Language/Culture: Students must pursue a formal course of study of a South Asian language while abroad.

Regional Specialization: See Courses and Requirements above.

Study Abroad: See Courses and Requirements above.

Senior Program: See Courses and Requirements above. Note: because Middlebury does not currently offer a South Asian language, students are not required to take an additional language course on their return from South Asia; instead, they must take one additional regional or global course.

Our programs offer students the opportunity to achieve high competence in written and spoken Italian, in understanding Italian literature and culture, and in applying this linguistic, literary, and cultural knowledge to the study of other disciplines. During the academic year our program emphasizes the study of literature and culture in the context of language acquisition. The other integral components of Italian at Middlebury are the Italian School (summer on the Middlebury College campus or at our satellite campus at Mills College, in Oakland, California), and the C. V. Starr-Middlebury College School in Italy (junior year or semester), where students can take courses in our magnificent Sede in Florence (in the Renaissance Palazzo Giugni), or can direct-enroll in our programs at the University of Firenze, the University of Ferrara, or the University of Rome, La Sapienza. These rich programs encourage students to deepen and broaden their study of Italian literature, cinema, history, art history, political science, and many other disciplines. During the academic year in Middlebury, all four levels of courses in Italian are available every semester, and for qualified students faculty members are also available to direct independent research projects (ITAL 0550).
Major in Italian: For a full or double major in Italian, students must complete nine credits beyond ITAL 0103, including senior work: two courses at the 0400 level, but only one 0400 course for students who spend a whole year in Italy (Please note: ITAL 0101, 0102, and 0103 do not count for the major). Majors are normally expected to study at least one semester at the C.V. Starr-Middlebury College School in Italy (Florence), or at the Universities of Firenze, Ferrara or Rome, and upon their return from Italy they must normally take an Italian course each semester. A student can complete a major with courses at the Italian School in the summer. No more than three credits per semester from Study Abroad in Italy are applicable to the major.One credit towards the Major can be fulfilled by successfully taking a course in English with an approved section in Italian (History of the Italian Language; Italian Cinema; Italy Through Sicily).
Joint Major in Italian: For the joint major in Italian, students must complete seven credits beginning with ITAL 0251, including one course at the 0400 level. Students must also complete a joint project credited in either of the two disciplines, as well as fulfill the requirements in the second discipline. Students are normally expected to complete one semester at either the C.V. Starr-Middlebury College School in Florence, the University of Firenze, the University of Ferrara, or the University of Rome, La Sapienza. No more than three credits per semester from coursework in Italy are applicable to the Italian part of the major.
International and Global Studies Major with Italian (European Studies Track): Along with other required courses and senior work as described in the International and Global Studies major section, the Italian language component of an International and Global Studies major requires completion of the following: 1) Italian courses required for study in Italy (see below); 2) one semester, and preferably a full year, at the C.V. Starr-Middlebury College School in Florence, the University of Ferrara, or the University of Rome; 3) at least one 0400-level course in Italian upon return from Italy. Regional specialization requirements for the International and Global Studies major may include ITAL 0290-level courses (in English) as well as 0300-level courses taught at Middlebury or in Italy.
Minor in Italian: The Italian minor consists of six courses: ITAL 0251, ITAL 0252 (or two courses counted from ITAL 3251-3252-3253 in the Italian Summer School) and four courses at the 0300-level or higher. Students entering the program with a standing beyond the ITAL 0252-level are required to take at least one 0400-level course as part of the Italian minor. All courses at the 0300-level can be completed during the academic year at Middlebury, at the Italian School, or at one of the affiliated Middlebury programs in Italy (Florence, Ferrara, or Rome).
Senior Work:Students who major in Italian are required to complete a senior project (ITAL 0755).
Honors: To earn departmental honors, high honors*, or highest honors** a student must have at least a 3.6, 3.7*, or 3.8** average or above in Italian courses other than the senior project, have a project defense, and receive a grade of at least B+, A-*, or A** on the thesis (ITAL 0755).
Fulfilling The Middlebury College Writing Requirement: All Italian majors, joint majors, minors, and International and Global Studies majors with literature and culture focus in Italian are strongly encouraged to fulfill their college writing requirement by enrolling in CMLT 0101 Introduction to World Literature.
Requirements for Junior Year/Semester Abroad: The Italian language proficiency requirements for participation in study abroad in Italy can be completed with any combination of courses at the Middlebury campus (summer or academic year) that culminates with the successful completion of ITAL 0252 during the academic year or ITAL 3253 at the Summer School. Students must also have an overall academic average of at least B-, an average of B in Italian (or additional course work), and be enrolled in an Italian course the semester before departure. Because of the demanding and intensive nature of our programs in Middlebury, and because of the difficulty of finding equivalent programs in the United States or in Italy, we do not accept alternative programs for the fulfillment of study abroad requirements.
C.V. Starr-Middlebury School in Italy-Florence: Students may study for a semester or for a full year in Italy. Fall and spring term students enroll for language, literature, and civilization courses in September and January. For examples of recent courses, please refer to the course database: http://www.middlebury.edu/international/sa/cid. Students studying in Florence are also expected to enroll in at least two elective courses at the Universit degli Studi di Firenze. Subject areas generally offered there include archeology, philology, Italian literature, linguistics, international relations, political science, comparative politics, sociology, history, art history, and history of economics.
C.V. Starr-Middlebury School in Italy-Ferrara/Rome: Students who apply to the programs at the University of Ferrara or the University of Rome must contact the department chair to discuss their plans. Important: All students studying at the University of Ferrara or the University of Rome must take a literature course, in consultation with the department chair. Subject areas often offered include Italian literature, comparative literature, history, linguistics, philosophy, geography, art history, architecture, theater history, sociology, and international economics as well as other disciplines.

Required for the Major: The major requires students to achieve proficiency in Japanese language (four years or equivalent) and culture (four courses), to study abroad for at least one semester, and to complete a 0400-level seminar in the Japanese Studies department.
To meet the language proficiency requirement of four years of study (or equivalent), students are strongly encouraged to begin the study of Japanese in their first academic year. Students who begin study of Japanese in the sophomore year must attend the summer Japanese School before study abroad in Japan.
Courses fulfilling the four-course culture requirement are: JAPN 0110, JAPN 0175, JAPN 0198, JAPN 0210, JAPN 0212, JAPN 0215, JAPN 0217, JAPN 0230, JAPN 0237, JAPN 0245, JAPN 0250, JAPN 0260, JAPN 0262, andJAPN 0290and JAPN 0330.At least twoculture coursesfrom this listmust be taken before approval for study in Japan.
Studying in Japan for one semester (Fall or Spring) is required, but studying in Japan for the full junior year isstrongly encouraged.Elective courses taken in Japan, in addition to language courses, are strongly encouraged but will not substitute for the four required culturecourses to be taken at Middlebury.
Seniors are required to take at least one seminar in the Japanese Studies department at the 0400 level: JAPN 0435, JAPN 0450, JAPN 0451, or JAPN 0475.
Students are strongly encouraged to take courses on Japan offered abroad and on the Middlebury campus in History, Religion, History of Art and Architecture, or other departments. These additional courses allow students the opportunity to enhance Japanese language and culture study according to individual interests, but do not count towards the major.
Honors: Successful completion of one advanced language course and JAPN 0700 Senior Thesis with a grade of B+ or above are required for graduation with departmental honors. Departmental honors will be awarded according to the grade point average of courses taken in the department, in the summer Middlebury Japanese School, and in Japan. A grade point average of 3.3 in these courses is required for graduation with honors. A grade point average of 3.75 and a grade of A on the thesis are required for High Honors.
Required for the Minor: Courses required for the minor in Japanese are completion of language courses to the level of JAPN 0202, or the equivalent, and two additional courses offered by the Japanese Studies department in culture, literature, linguistics,or film. Courses fulfilling the two-course culture requirement are: JAPN 0110, JAPN 0175, JAPN 0198, JAPN 0210, JAPN 0212, JAPN 0215, JAPN 0217, JAPN 0230, JAPN 0237, JAPN 0245, JAPN 0250, JAPN 0260, JAPN 0262, andJAPN 0290and JAPN 0330.

Middlebury's Summer Language School: Intensive language courses are available each summer at Middlebury's Japanese School. During the eight-week session, students and faculty live in the same Japanese language dormitory, take their meals together, and communicate exclusively in Japanese, whether in the classroom or outside of class. For all students pursuing the study of Japanese language and culture, and especially prior to study abroad in Japan, a summer of concentrated study at the second-, third,- or fourth-year level in Middlebury's intensive Japanese School is strongly recommended. Students who are unable to begin the study of Japanese in their first year at Middlebury are strongly encouraged to begin or accelerate their study by taking a course in the intensive summer program.
Study in Japan: Majors in Japanese Studies are required to spendat least one semester studying abroad in Japan. The C.V. Starr-Middlebury School in Japan, located in Tokyo, offers intensive language courses and topics courses in Japanese. Students have residential options in dormitories or in home-stays arranged by the program.
Language Technology and Resources: Japanese courses incorporate a variety of computer-driven teaching and learning strategies. Video and audio materials for first- and second-year levels are available on any computer, so that students can view and listen to authentic materials at any time in their dorm rooms or in labs. Japanese films, scripts, and anime in advanced-language courses are also available on the Web to students enrolled in those courses. Many Japanese literature and culture offerings are Web-based multimedia courses. Instructors often make use of conferencing and other electronic tools to extend learning beyond regular class hours. The Middlebury College Library contains an extensive collection of works in English on most aspects of Japan; in addition, there are 1,700 works in Japanese, with special strengths in literature and linguistics.

What is Jewish Studies?

Jewish Studies ranges over the study of Jews and Judaism from the Biblical period to the present. It takes Judaism not only as a "religion," but as a civilization and culture encompassing a rich textual tradition, literature in several languages, philosophy and theology, customs and ritual, art, music and film. Jewish Studies is by its nature interdisciplinary and can be approached, for example, from within the disciplines of history, religion, sociology and anthropology, or literary study. The program also sponsors a wide array of lectures and other events, including the annual Hannah A. Quint Lecture in Jewish Studies.

A distinguishing aspect of Middlebury's program is the depth of study possible in Hebrew. Middlebury also offers a Hebrew Minor, with courses in both Modern and Classical Hebrew.Introductory ModernHebrew is offered every year, and Introductory Classical Hebrew in alternate years, usually in Winter Term. (For Hebrew course descriptions, click on the link to Courses, upper left.)

Participating Faculty:

Professors: Robert S. Schine (Religion/Classics), Director of the Jewish Studies program; Theodore Sasson, (Jewish Studies); O. Larry Yarbrough (Religion); Tamar Mayer (Geography; Robert Cohen (English and American Literatures). Associate Professors: Rebecca Bennette (History); Oz Aloni (Hebrew)and Orian Zakai (Hebrew). Program Coordinator:Vijaya L. Wunnava

The linguistics minor consists of a minimum of five courses: two required introductory level courses and three electives.

Required courses for the minor are as follows:
LNGT 0101 Introduction to Linguistics
LNGT 0102 Introduction to Sociolinguistics or LNGT/SOAN 0109 Language, Culture, Society

Electives include the following:
LNGT 0226 Phonetics and Phonology
LNGT 0250 Morphology and Syntax
LNGT 0280 Formal Semantics
LNGT/WRPR 0110 English Grammar: Concepts & Controversies
LNGT/EDST 0205 Second Language Acquisition and Educational Technology
LNGT/JAPN 0210 Japanese Linguistics
LNGT/ARBC 0225 Arabic Linguistics
LNGT/ARBC 0227 Arabic Sociolinguistics
LNGT/RUSS 0232 Nature and Origin of Language
LNGT/CHNS 0270 Chinese Sociolinguistics
LNGT/SPAN 0303 Introduction to Spanish Phonetics/Pronunciation (taught in Spanish)
LNGT/SPAN 0317Spanish Pronunciation (taught in Spanish)
LNGT/SPAN 0322 Introduction to Hispanic Linguistics (taught in Spanish)
LNGT/PHIL 0354 Philosophy of Language
LNGT/GRMN 0370 German Linguistics (taught in German)
LNGT/SPAN 0390 Linguistic Variation (taught in Spanish)
LNGT/SOAN 0395 Environmental Communication
LNGT/ARBC 0421 Arabic Linguistic Variation (taught in Arabic)
LNGT/ARBC 0435 Arabic Diglossia (taught in Arabic)
LNGT/SOAN 0459 Language and Power
LNGT 1001 Introduction to Translation Studies
LNGT/EDST 1003 Introduction to TESOL

Please Note: Students are advised to check with the director for a complete list of courses that count as electives. All electives are taught in English, unless otherwise indicated.

Required for the Major:

The overall design of the program is simple, and its expectations are clearly defined. This is a program of study designed for students who by the time of their graduation from Middlebury wish to secure a comprehensive background in a full range of major achievements of world literature, as well as an ability to read and appreciate works of literature in at least one language other than English. To accomplish those ends, each Literary Studies major is required to take a total of 15 courses in literature over the course of four years. No more than six of these courses may be taken within a single department, and the individual courses may be selected from the literature of any language and of any period. They can be wide-ranging surveys or courses devoted to the study of single authors. The specific selection of courses is entirely up to the student, but in order to fulfill the requirements for the major, he or she will be expected to take: (a) two coursesone historical, one generally theoretical in orientationselected from the list specified below under the "Summary of Major Requirements"; (b) one literature course in a foreign language (including Greek and Latin)normally 0300-level (though FREN 0210 and the FREN 0200-series will usually qualify); and (c) a Colloquium for majors to be taken during the fall semester of the senior year. In addition, in conjunction with an independent reading course taken during the fall semester of the senior year, the student will arrange to take a one-hour oral examination in an area of specialization (as described below) that he or she has defined. This oral examination takes place at the end of the fall semester, and it is followed by a five-hour written comprehensive examination at the end of winter term. The written examination will require the student to demonstrate a knowledge of a range of major works by the authors listed below. For reasons of practicality, the number of authors from this list whose works students will actually have an opportunity to discuss on the comprehensive examination in any given year will be limited to 12. The following current list will give the student a clear sense of the particular range of major authors it is presumed that he or she will be familiar with by senior year:

Homer
Aeschylus
Sophocles
Vergil
Ovid
Lucretius
Dante
Boccaccio
Pirandello
Cervantes
Tirso de Molina
Caldern
Lope de Vega
Borges
Moliere
Baudelaire
Proust
Goethe
Kafka
Mann
Wang Wei
Co Xuegin
Lu-Xn
Gogol
Dostoevsky
Tolstoy
Shakespeare
Milton
Wordsworth
Joyce
Emerson
Melville
Faulkner
Murasaki Shikibu
Chikamatsu Monzaemon
Natsume Soseki

In addition to works by authors whose names appear on this primary list, Literary Studies majors will be urged to deepen their general cultural background by becoming acquainted with the Old and New Testaments (especially Genesis, Psalms, Job, Song of Songs, Matthew, John, Revelation, and the Epistle to the Romans), as well as principal works of Plato, Aristotle, Rousseau, Darwin, Marx, and Freud. A full list of the specific works by these authors included on the current Literary Studies comprehensive reading list is available on the Literary Studies Program website, or from Professor Donadio, the director of the program.

Beyond the two historical and theoretical courses required for the program (both of which are counted toward the major), the 0300-level foreign language literature course, the senior year colloquium (LITS 0705) and independent reading course (LITS 0701), and the total of 15 courses, the general, defining requirement for the Literary Studies major is the winter term comprehensive examination (LITS 0700), the overall range of which is specified in the comprehensive reading list. In the process of working toward this general literary education, the student will also be expected to use the independent reading course (LITS 0701) to focus on a group of works chosen to represent an individual specialization in the literature of a particular culture (e.g., German, English, American, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, etc.), or period (e.g., the eighteenth century, the twentieth century, etc.), or genre (e.g., the novel, the drama, lyric poetry, etc.). The specific authors and the 10 to 12 texts selected by the student for this specialization will be approved by the director in conjunction with two faculty examiners with relevant expertise in the fields represented. This oral examination is the culmination of the independent reading course (LITS 0701) in the fall semester. At the end of the following winter term, there is a five-hour written winter term comprehensive examination based on the reading list. Students qualifying for honors (a B+ average in the major, including the comprehensive examination) will complete a Senior Honors Essay (LITS 0710) in their final semester.

After completing all the specified requirements, the student will be graduated from Middlebury College as a Literary Studies major with a particular area of interest: for example, epic poetry, European drama, Japanese literature, the literature of the nineteenth century, etc. Should the student wish to pursue graduate study, depending on the nature of his or her interests and preparation, the student would be in a good position to do so in such fields as English or American literature, comparative literature, or the literature of a specific foreign language; in addition, he or she would have a secure background for further studies in such fields as law, political philosophy, religion, journalism, publishing, medicine, and cultural and intellectual history. Literary Studies majors have gone on to do work in all these areas.

As indicated above, students will be eligible for departmental honors in Literary Studies if in their combined performance in literature courses and on the two parts of the comprehensive examination they have achieved an average grade of B+ or higher. Honors will be awarded on the basis of the overall grade average in the major, performance on the comprehensive examination, and a senior honors essay of 30-40 pages to be completed during the spring semester of the senior year (this project counts as one course). A one-hour oral examination on the content and implications of this honors essay is also required, and this examination will be conducted by two faculty members with particular expertise in the fields represented.

Summary of Major Requirements:

Total of 15 courses (no more than six in any one department).

(1) Two courses selected from the historical and theoretical courses listed below, one from each category, as currently offered. (With the permission of the director, alternative courses may be substituted for those specified here.)

Historical:

CLAS 0150 Greek and Roman Epic

CLAS 0152 Greek Tragedy

RELI 0180 Introduction to Biblical Literature

PSCI 0101 Introduction to Political Science

Theoretical:

ENAM 0205 Contemporary Literary Theory

CHNS/LITS 0360 Introduction to Literary Theory and Criticism

(2) One course in literature in a foreign language (normally 0300 level, but FREN 0201 and FREN 0220 series would usually qualify).

(3) At least four literature courses, but no more than six, to be taken within a single department. (Courses in language instruction may not be counted toward this requirement.)

(4) Independent Reading Course (LITS 0701) in Area of Specialization (by genre, period, theme, or national literature), an area of particular interest defined by the student in consultation with the director. A one-hour oral examination, to be taken in the fall semester before the winter term written comprehensive examination in the senior year, is devoted to this area of special interest. The 10 to12 texts required for this examination will be chosen by the student in conjunction with the director and two faculty examiners with appropriate backgrounds in the fields represented.

(5) Senior Colloquium for majors (LITS 0705, open to non-majors if space is available), focused on a range of works on the comprehensive reading list.

(6) Senior Comprehensive Examination (LITS 0700) in preparation for the written comprehensive examination. Students engaged in such preparation arrange to meet with one another over the course of winter term, and often solicit faculty participation in discussions of individual texts they have chosen to work on as a group.

(7) Written Comprehensive Examination (LITS 0700) (on works that appear on the Literary Studies comprehensive reading list), taken at the end of winter term of the senior year. As indicated, this five-hour written examination represents the second part of the comprehensive requirement, the oral specialization examination in LITS 0701 being the first.

(8) Students achieving an average grade of B+ or higher in the program will be eligible for honors. Honors will be awarded on the basis of the overall grade average in courses in the major, performance on the comprehensive examination, and a senior honors essay of 30-40 pages, to be completed (for one course credit) during the spring semester of the senior year; a one-hour oral examination on the content of this essay is administered by two faculty examiners with expertise in the field of investigation represented.

Please Note: Any literature course in the Middlebury College curriculum (and in approved programs abroad or at other U.S. institutions) may be used to fulfill the requirements in the Program in Literary Studies. Hence, in addition to the specific LITS course descriptions indicated below, students majoring in Literary Studies as well as non-majors with an interest in literature are urged to read through the entire literature offering by various departments (including language departments) to secure a full sense of the range of courses available in any academic year.

Required for the Major in Mathematics:(Eleven courses total, at least six of which must be taken at Middlebury College in Vermont):
I. Core courses: MATH 0122, MATH 0200, MATH 0223, MATH 0302, and MATH 0323 (at least one of the latter two to be completed by the end of the junior year);
II. Electives: five MATH electives at the 0200-level or above;
III. Senior thesis work: A 0700-level MATH seminar in the senior year.

Note: Students are strongly encouraged to include a proof-based course such as MATH 0241, or MATH 0247 early in their programs. This is especially helpful prior to taking MATH 0302 or MATH 0323.

Required for the Mathematical Sciences Option in the Mathematics Major:(Eleven courses total, at least six of which must be taken at Middlebury College in Vermont)
I. Core courses: MATH 0122, MATH 0200, and MATH 0223, and one of MATH 0302, MATH 0323, at least one of the latter two to be completed by the end of the junior year)

II. Computing-intensive course: CSCI 0150 or MATH 0216 or MATH 0228;
III. Electives.Six courses from categories A and B. At least four of the six courses must have the MATH designation, and at least two must be from category B.Non-MATH courses must all have the same designation (ECON or PHYS or CSCI)
A. Courses in applied specialization: MATH 0225, MATH 0310, MATH 0315, MATH 0318, ECON 0380, PHYS 0212, CSCI 0201, CSCI 0463;
B. Advanced electives: MATH 0302, MATH 0311, MATH 0323, MATH 0325, MATH 0410, CSCI 0302, ECON 0390, ECON 0411, MATH 0500 (with prerequisite: at least one course from categories A or B);
IV. Senior work: A 0700-level MATH seminar in the senior year.

Note: Students should consult the mathematics department for examples of course sequences in the mathematical sciences option recommended for emphases in Mathematical Economics, Computer Science, or Physical Sciences/Engineering. For students completing double majors, electives used towards a major in another department cannot also be counted as electives in the mathematical sciences option.

Students planning a "3-2" engineering program who wish to major in Mathematics will complete the 700-level MATH course in their sixth semester at Middlebury. These students should normally choose the Mathematical Sciences Option in the major.

Honors Program:A student who wishes to be considered for departmental honors in mathematics must submit a proposed plan of study during his or her junior year. Candidates for departmental honors should include one additional elective in their programs (12 courses total). For the mathematical sciences option, an honors program must include an elective sequence such as MATH 0310-0410 or MATH 0310-0311. Students should consult their advisors as they develop proposals for honors study.

Required for the Minor in Mathematics(six courses total at least half of which must be taken at Middlebury College in Vermont): MATH 0121, MATH 0122, MATH 0200, and three courses at the 0200-level or above.

Joint Majors:The Department of Mathematics does not offer a joint major.

Advanced Placement:Advanced placement in the department is offered to first-year students whose secondary training indicates they can commonly bypass one or more of the beginning courses in mathematics. Majors typically begin their study of mathematics in MATH 0122 or MATH 0200. Mathematics majors who need to begin the study of calculus with MATH 0121 may arrange with their advisors to use this course as one of the required electives. Credits forMATH 0121 and 0122 may be earned through the College Board AP exams or international exams such as the A-Levels or IB. At the discretion of the chair, additional courses may be waived in recognition of exceptional secondary school preparation. However, in all cases the major must include at least 7 Middlebury College or approved transfer courses, and the minor must include at least 4. Students who have earned grades on advanced placement calculus exams that are eligible for credit may not register for the equivalent course at Middlebury College. Thus students who have earned 4 or 5 on the Calculus AB exam or a 3 on the Calculus BC exam may not register for MATH 0121, students who have earned 4 or 5 on the Calculus BC exam may not register for MATH 0121 or MATH 0122, and students who have earned 4 or 5 on the Statistics exam may not register for MATH 0116. This policy applies irrespective of whether students choose to use their AP credits toward meeting Middlebury's graduation requirements. The following international credentials carry the same credit as a 4 or 5 on the Calculus BCExam: A-levelexam with a mathematics grade of A, B,or C; or IB Higher Level Mathematics with a grade of 6 or 7.

Other Credits:
Because of the wide variation in course offerings at other institutions, students wishing to substitute a course from another college for any course in mathematics must seek approval from the department before registering for the course. In addition, students seeking MATH 0121 credit for a summer course taken elsewhere must pass a written examination given by the department in the fall. Check with the department early in the first week of classes for details.

Requirements Prior to Fall 2016
Required for the Major in Mathematics: (Ten courses total at least half of which must be taken at Middlebury College in Vermont):
I. Core courses: MATH 0122, MATH 0200, MATH 0223, MATH 0302, and MATH 0323;
II. Electives: four MATH electives at the 0200-level or above;
III. Senior thesis: MATH 0704 in the senior year.

Note: Students are strongly encouraged to include a proof-based course such as MATH 0241, or MATH 0247 early in their programs. This is especially helpful prior to taking MATH 0302 or MATH 0323.

Required for the Mathematical Sciences Option in the Mathematics Major: (Ten courses total at least half of which must be taken at Middlebury College in Vermont)
I. Core courses: MATH 0122, MATH 0200, and MATH 0223;
II. Electives. Six courses from categories A and B. At least four of the six courses must have the MATH designation, and at least two must be from category B.
A. Courses in applied specialization: MATH 0225, MATH 0310, MATH 0315, MATH 0318, ECON 0380, PHYS 0212, CSCI 0201, CSCI 0463;
B. Advanced electives: MATH 0302, MATH 0311, MATH 0323, MATH 0325, MATH 0410, CSCI 0302, ECON 0390, ECON 0411, MATH 0500 (with prerequisite: at least one course from categories A or B);
III. Senior thesis: MATH 0704 in the senior year.

Note: Students should consult the mathematics department for examples of course sequences in the mathematical sciences option recommended for emphases in Mathematical Economics, Computer Science, or Physical Sciences/Engineering. For students completing double majors, electives used towards a major in another department cannot also be counted as electives in the mathematical sciences option.

Students planning a "3-2" engineering program who wish to major in Mathematics will complete the thesis course MATH 0704 in their sixth semester at Middlebury. These students should normally choose the Mathematical Sciences Option in the major.

Honors Program: A student who wishes to be considered for departmental honors in mathematics must submit a proposed plan of study during his or her junior year. Candidates for departmental honors should include two additional electives in their programs (12 courses total). For the mathematical sciences option, an honors program must include one of MATH 0302/0323 and an elective sequence such as MATH 0310-0410 or MATH 0310-0311. Students should consult their advisors as they develop proposals for honors study.

Required for the Minor in Mathematics (six courses total at least half of which must be taken at Middlebury College in Vermont): MATH 0121, MATH 0122, MATH 0200, and three courses at the 0200-level or above.

Joint Majors: The Department of Mathematics does not offer a joint major.

Advanced Placement: Advanced placement in the department is offered to first-year students whose secondary training indicates they can commonly bypass one or more of the beginning courses in mathematics. Majors typically begin their study of mathematics in MATH 0122 or MATH 0200. Mathematics majors who need to begin the study of calculus with MATH 0121 may arrange with their advisors to use this course as one of the required electives. Credits forMATH 0121 and 0122 may be earned through the College Board AP exams or international exams such as the A-Levels or IB. At the discretion of the chair, additional courses may be waived in recognition of exceptional secondary school preparation. However, in all cases the major must include at least 7 Middlebury College or approved transfer courses, and the minor must include at least 4. Students who have earned grades on advanced placement calculus exams that are eligible for credit may not register for the equivalent course at Middlebury College. Thus students who have earned 4 or 5 on the Calculus AB exam or a 3 on the Calculus BC exam may not register for MATH 0121, and students who have earned 4 or 5 on the Calculus BC exam may not register for MATH 0121 or MATH 0122. This policy applies irrespective of whether students choose to use their AP credits toward meeting Middlebury's graduation requirements. The following international credentials carry the same credit as a 4 or 5 on the Calculus BCExam: A-levelexam with a mathematics grade of A, B,or C; or IB Higher Level Mathematics with a grade of 6 or 7.

Other Credits:
Because of the wide variation in course offerings at other institutions, students wishing to substitute a course from another college for any course in mathematics must seek approval from the department before registering for the course. In addition, students seeking MATH 0121 credit for a summer course taken elsewhere must pass a written examination given by the department in the fall. Check with the department early in the first week of classes for details.

First Year Fall
CHEM 0103 General Chemistry I OR (if satisfied)
CHEM 0104 General Chemistry II OR (if satisfied)
CHEM 0107 Advanced General Chemistry
MATH 0121 Calculus I
BIOL 0140 Ecology and Evolution OR BIOL 0145 Cell Biology and Genetics

First Year Spring
CHEM 104 General Chemistry II (if not taken previously)
BIOL 0140 Ecology and Evolution OR BIOL 0145 Cell Biology and Genetics

Second Year Fall
CHEM 0203 Organic Structure and Reactivity
PHYS 0109 Newtonian Physics
BIOL 0140 Ecology and Evolution OR BIOL 0145 Cell Biology and Genetics (if not taken previously)

Second Year Winter Term
BIOL 0211 Experimental Design and Data Analysis (or MATH 0116 in Spring)

Second Year Spring
CHEM 0322 Biochemistry of MacromoleculesMATH 0116 Introduction to Statistical Science (or BIOL 0211 in Winter Term)

Third Year
BIOL 0310 Microbiology OR BIOL 0305 Developmental Biology
BIOL 0314 Molecular Genetics
MBBC/BIOL 0324 Bioinformatics and Genomics Electives

Fourth Year
Senior Thesis Research and/or Electives

Molecular Biology & Biochemistry Research: Research is an essential component of a well-rounded academic pursuit; it contributes to the development of independence and creativity, as well as to the depth of knowledge needed to become an active contributor to the scientific community. All majors are encouraged to undertake independent research with an MBBC faculty mentor. Any major is eligible to perform an independent study research project (BIOL 0500, CHEM 0500, or BIOL/CHEM/MBBC 0700) with the consent of a mentor.
Requirements for Honors:Senior thesis research may be initiated by any junior with the consent of a mentor. Students considering senior thesis research are urged to begin conversations with faculty early in their junior year (certainly by winter term) because many thesis projects begin during the summer preceding the senior year. Those eligible for high honors or honors in molecular biology and biochemistry will: (1) complete at least two semesters of research, which may include winter term; (2) enroll in MBBC 0701 for their final semester of research; (3) graduate with a minimum GPA of 3.3 for all courses counting towards the major; (4) present a public seminar describing the significance, methodology, results, and conclusions of their research; (5) successfully defend their thesis before a committee of three faculty, two of whom must be affiliated with the MBBC program; and (6) earn a grade of at least B+ for MBBC 0701, as determined by the members of the MBBC program, with the grade based on their research performance, their written thesis, their thesis presentation and their thesis defense.

Required for the Major: Majors are required to take MUSC 0209, MUSC 0260-0261, MUSC 0320-0321, MUSC 0334; a performance elective such as MUSC 0240, , 0243, 0244, or 0500; two 0200-level or above elective music courses; and MUSC 0400 senior seminar. MUSC 0704 does not count as a course toward fulfillment of the music major. Piano proficiency: All music majors will be required to demonstrate basic piano proficiency in the semester when the major is declared. Otherwise they should take a semester of piano lessons geared to theory skills, arranged through the music office. All music majors will be required to demonstrate basic sight singing proficiency in the semester when the major is declared
In addition to the curricular requirements, majors are required to participate for three semesters in at least one departmentally-approved ensemble: Middlebury College Orchestra, Middlebury College Choir, Middlebury College Community Chorus, the Sound Investment Jazz Ensemble, African Music and Dance Ensemble and Middlebury Community Wind Ensemble.
Required for the Joint Major: A minimum of eight courses at the 0200 level or above, which must include MUSC 0260-0261, MUSC 0320-0321, MUSC 0334, plus MUSC 0400 (Music Senior Seminar) and/or completion of senior work (MUSC 0704).
In addition to the curricular requirements, joint majors must participate for three semesters in at least one departmentally-approved ensemble.
Required for the Minor: Students who pursue the minor in music are required to complete five music courses, two of which may be general introductory courses (0100 level) and three other courses at the 0200-0400 levels.
Music Theory Placement Exam: It is possible for students to test into Music I (MUSC 0209) and Music Theory II (MUSC 0260) by taking a placement exam rather than taking Theory I (MUSC 0160). Incoming students must take the placement exam only during the scheduled time before classes begin. To arrange a time to take the placement exam, current students must send an email to Music Department Interim Chair Peter Hamlin, phamlin@middlebury.edu. Note deadlines: Placement tests should be arranged by November 1 and April 1 for the following semesters.
Departmental Honors: Departmental honors in music reflect a student's overall achievement in and contribution to the department as well as excellence in an independent senior work project (MUSC 0704). To be eligible for independent senior work, a grade average of at least B+ in all music courses is required. Eligible students may propose a senior work project (MUSC 0704) of one or two semesters in length; proposals must be submitted by April 1 of the junior year. A grade of B+ in senior work and B+ in departmental courses will be eligible for honors; A- in senior work and A- in departmental courses will be eligible for high honors; A in senior work and A in departmental courses will be eligible for highest honors.
Private Music Lessons: Instruction in musical instruments and voice is available through the department. Online registration takes place the first week of fall and spring terms (winter term lessons registration takes place the last week of classes in the fall term). There are ten 45-minute music lessons per semester (four during winter term). Contracts must be signed at the first lesson and are binding. No rebate is allowed for lessons missed except in the case of injury or continued illness. Lesson fees are applied to the students college account. Members of the Middlebury College Orchestra, Middlebury College Choir, Middlebury College Community Chorus, The Sound Investment Jazz Ensemble, and Middlebury Community Wind Ensemble are entitled to half-price lessons for the instruments they play in the ensemble (or voice for choirs). The fee is waived for students who are music majors, music joint majors, or are enrolled in performance-related courses, MUSC 0240, MUSC 0500 or MUSC 0704 projects. Music majors may receive a maximum of two complimentary series of lessons each semester. Academic credit is not given for applied lessons. Contact the department at extension 5221 for information.
Private instruction: piano: D. Fanning, C. Huard, N. Koval Paden, S. Brightman; harpsichord: C. Huard; jazz piano and jazz voice: R. Forman; cello: D. Davydov; violin and viola: M. Rowell; trumpet and double bass: G. Ingalls; flute: A. Janson; clarinet: Steven Klimowski; oboe: D. Frostman; trombone: B. Irwin; french horn: M. Fritze; acoustic and electric guitar: P. Asbell, D. Huckett; classical guitar: E. Despard; voice: C. Christensen, S. Peck, B. Thompson, drums: R. Lawton; harmonica: M. Lavoie; traditional fiddle, mandolin, and banjo: P. Sutherland; bagpipes and Irish whistle: T. Cummings; carillon: G. Matthew; organ: E. Fanning; saxophone: M. Donahue; harp: D. Dodge.

Ensembles
Middlebury College Orchestra: The orchestra performs approximately four times a year in programs featuring music from all periods. Instrumentalists may arrange for an audition through the music department. See course listing for MUSC 0205. (A. Massey).
Middlebury College Choir: The College Choir performs concerts each fall and spring, participates in Baccalaureate and other College functions, and tours or engages in other projects annually. Audition required, with attention to sight-reading, listening skills and vocal production. Intent to participate full year/multiple semesters strongly encouraged. Open to all students without prerequisite. See course listing of MUSC 0205. (J. Buettner).
College Community Chorus: The Chorus performs concerts each fall and spring, usually including a major choral work for chorus and organ or orchestra. Open to all without audition; rehearsals focus on developing choral musicianship. See course listing of MUSC 0205. (J. Rehbach).
The Sound Investment Jazz Ensemble: Using traditional big-band instrumentation, the Jazz Ensemble plays the best of contemporary jazz arrangements as well as classic charts from the 75 years of swing and jazz band history. The Ensemble also features student compositions and arrangements when available. An active performance schedule is typical. See course listing of MUSC 0205 (D. Forman).
African Music and Dance Ensemble: The African Music and Dance Ensemble is the core of the African Music and Dance Performance course (MUSC0244), for which enrolled students earn one (1) credit. The Ensemble gives students [with or without a musical background] a rich, hands-on experience with numerous East African (Ugandan) music and dance cultures through regular rehearsals and fall/spring end-of-semester concerts. See course listing of MUSC 0244 (D. Kafumbe).
Middlebury Community Wind Ensemble: An off-campus community ensemble that students are invited to join that plays music from all periods; woodwind, brass and percussion; no auditions necessary. There are two performances before fall term ends and two more in April and May. Rehearsals take place at Middlebury Union High School. (M. McHugh).
Other Chamber Ensembles: String quartets, woodwind and brass ensembles can be formed and coached for interested students. Independent projects (MUSC 0500) can be arranged for these groups.

Required for the major: The major includes required background and foundations courses, electives, and senior work. Required background courses in biology, psychology, and chemistry, establish a foundation in science necessary for upper-level study. Foundation courses teach students to approach neuroscience from three intellectually different, but related directions. Elective courses offer opportunities to explore a wide variety of neuroscience related areas. Senior work requires all majors to integrate their specific training through research or a senior seminar. Students may be exempt from some introductory courses through placement or bypass exams. For more information on placing out of a specific course, contact the chairperson of the relevant department.

Required Background Courses:
PSYC 0105 Introduction to Psychology
BIOL 0145 Cell Biology and Genetics
CHEM 0103 Fundamentals of Chemistry 1
Either PSYC 0201 Psychological Statistics or BIOL 0211 Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis

NOTE: PSYC 0105 & BIOL 0145 are pre-requisite to NSCI 0251 and should be taken in the first year.

We strongly recommend CHEM 0103 & either PSYC 0201 or BIOL 0211 be taken by the end of the second year.

Foundations Courses: (all three are required)
NSCI 0251 Fundamentals of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience(Not open to juniors or seniors)

NSCI 0252 Fundamentals of Behavioral Neuroscience (Currently only open to NSCI Majors with the prerequisite of NSCI 0251)

Fundamentals of Philosophical NeuroscienceStudents must take one of the following:
PHIL 0252 Philosophy of Mind
PHIL 0360 Consciousness
PHIL 0358 Rationality and Cognition

Electives:
Majors must take three electives chosen from within or across the Biological, Psychological, or Philosophical groupings below:

Biological Studies of Neuroscience
BIOL 0216 Animal Behavior
BIOL 0225 Human Genetics
BIOL 0235 Sexual Selection
BIOL 0270 Neural Disorders
BIOL 0305 Developmental Biology
BIOL 0350 Endocrinology
BIOL 0370 Animal Physiology
NSCI 0325 Brain Evolution

Psychological Studies of Neuroscience
PSYC 0202 Research Methods
PSYC/NSCI 0302 Conditioning and Learning
PSYC/NSCI 0303 Sensation and Perception
PSYC/NSCI 0305 Cognitive Psychology
PSYC/NSCI 0309 Psychopharmacology
PSYC/NSCI 0311 Neuropsychology
PSYC/GSFS 0330 Psychology of Gender
RELI/PSYC 209 Mindfulness and Psychology
LNGT 0226 Phonetics & Phonology

Philosophical Studies of Neuroscience
PHIL 0214 Science and Society
PHIL 0216 Science and the Quest for Truth
PHIL 0220 Knowledge and Reality
PHIL 0280 Logic & Formal Semantics
PHIL 0310 Moral Psychology
*PHIL 0252 Philosophy of Mind
PHIL 0354 Philosophy of Language
*PHIL 0358 Rationality and Cognition
*PHIL 0360 Consciousness
RELI/PHIL 0320 Yogacara Depth Psychology and Philosophy of Mind

* If not taken already to satisfy the Fundamentals of Philosophical Neuroscience requirement

Senior Work: A senior seminar in a neuroscience area, approved by the program (current courses include BIOL/NSCI 0420, BIOL 0475, BIOL/NSCI 0480; NSCI 0410; NSCI 0425,PSYC/NSCI 0414, PSYC/NSCI 0430; PSYC/NSCI 0434; PSYC/NSCI 0435; PSYC/NSCI 0438, or a NSCI relevant BIOL, PSYC or PHIL 0400-level course approved in advance by the NSCI Program) OR senior research (NSCI 0500, NSCI 0700 and NSCI 0701). During winter term and as course offerings change there may be others that are available for NSCI seminar credit. Seniors can do research with any faculty in the program, or with certain faculty in other departments provided the research project is approved by the neuroscience faculty and the project is related to understanding the nervous system and the mind.
Independent Research and Program Honors: Majors are encouraged to undertake independent research (NSCI 0500, NSCI 0700, NSCI 0701) with any faculty member in the program. Students considering any senior research should begin conversations with faculty early in their junior year. Those eligible for high honors in neuroscience must (1) complete at least two semesters of thesis-related research (one term of NSCI 0500 or NSCI 0700 and one term of NSCI 0701); (2) have a minimum GPA of 3.3 in major courses (excluding NSCI 0500/0700/0701); (3) present a public seminar describing the background, methodology, results, and greater significance of their research; (4) submit a written thesis and (5) successfully defend their thesis before a committee comprised of at least three faculty members, two of which must be Neuroscience faculty, plus others as needed, who may recommend High Honors after considering these five components of a thesis.
Study Abroad: Study abroad can be a valuable experience that is encouraged, though majors must consult with the Office of Off-Campus Study and their advisor about the advisability of specific programs. Because the requirements for the NSCI major are complex, we recommend that students study abroad for a single term rather than an entire year. It is expected that the required courses listed for the major specifically by number (i.e. PSYC 0105, BIOL 0145, PSYC 0201 or BIOL 0211, NSCI 0251, NSCI 0252, and PHIL 0252, PHIL 0360, or PHIL 0358) would be completed at Middlebury. However, NSCI electives may be taken abroad if they are determined to satisfy program requirements and are approved by the advisor and program director. Students generally receive major credit for a maximum of two courses taken abroad. The NSCI program does not grant major credit for Independent Study projects completed abroad.
Advanced Placement:
Psychology AP Exam and IB:Students with a score of 4 or 5 on the Psychology AP Exam, or a score of 6 or 7 on the IB (International Baccalaureate) Higher Level psychology exam, may bypass PSYC 0105. Students matriculating Fall 2016 or later will need to take an additional elective to fulfill their Neuroscience Requirements. Students matriculating prior to Fall 2016 do not need an additional course for the major.
Psychology Department placement exam:Students who receive a passing score on the Psychology Department placement exam may bypass PSYC 0105, however they will need to take an additional elective to fulfill their Neuroscience Requirements. (More details can be found on the Psychology Requirements page.)
Statistics AP Exam:Students matriculating Fall 2016 or later may not use the Statistics AP Examination in place of taking PSYC 0201 (Psychological Statistics) or BIOL 0211 (Biostats). Credit for PSYC 0201 is given to students matriculating prior to Fall 2016 who achieve a score of 4 or 5 on the Statistics AP Examination. These students do not need to take an additional course for the major.
Chemistry AP and Placement Exam:Students with a score of 4 or 5 on the Chemistry AP Exam, or who pass the Chemistry Department Placement Exam, may bypass CHEM 0103 and do not need an additional course for the major.
BIOL 0145 Placement Exam:Students with Biology AP or IB credit may not bypass BIOL 0145 because the biology department does not offer any introductory course that is the equivalent of an AP biology course. However, students who pass the BIOL 0145 Placement Exam may enroll in classes for which BIOL 0145 is a prerequisite. Students matriculating Fall 2016 or later will need to take an additional elective to fulfill their Neuroscience Requirements. Students matriculating prior to Fall 2016 do not need an additional elective for the major.

A. Requirements for students who entered the College prior to Fall 2015

Required for the Major: Majors must complete no fewer than 10 courses in the department, to include:
1.Logic Requirement: PHIL 0180
2.History Requirement:
a)PHIL 0201 or CLAS/PHIL 0275
b)PHIL 0250
3.Distribution Requirement:
a)one course in Ethics and Social & Political Philosophy (ESP)
b)one course in Epistemology, Language, Metaphysics, Mind and Science (ELMMS)
4.Seminar Requirement: two 0400-level seminars (see below)
5.Electives: three courses

Additionally, it is highly recommended that students take either PHIL 0150 or PHIL 0151, preferably early in the program. PHIL 0180 must be completed by the end of the sophomore year. For students going abroad in their junior year, the history requirement should be completed prior to departure. Cognate courses may be substituted for no more than two departmental electives, but will not satisfy the departmental distribution requirement; such substitutions require the prior approval of a major's departmental adviser, and must be at the 0200-level or above. No more than one term of thesis work may count towards the 10 course requirement.

Seminar Requirement: Majors must take two department seminars (0400-level courses on advanced topics in philosophy). Junior majors should take the seminar currently offered in the spring term; seniors should take the seminar currently offered in the fall term. Students who are abroad during the spring of the junior year must take both seminars in their senior year. This requirement will not be waived for students doing departmental honors. These seminars will not normally satisfy the departmental distribution requirement, but may in exceptional cases by permission of the Chair.

Departmental Honors: Majors with at least a B+ average in philosophy courses may apply to the Chair to become candidates for departmental honors. To apply, a student must find a faculty member willing to supervise the project and then submit a proposal to that faculty member in writing. If (and only if) the proposal is accepted, the student should then register for two successive terms of PHIL 0700 (normally during the winter and spring terms of their senior year). To receive honors, students must complete a two-term project resulting in a thesis or a set of thematically related papers, give an oral defense (according to departmental regulations), and receive for their work a minimum grade of B+. In addition, they must maintain their B+ average in courses in the department.

Required for the Joint Major: For the philosophy component of a joint major, students must (1) take eight philosophy courses, including (a) PHIL 0180, to be taken by the end of the sophomore year; (b) one 0400-level seminar to be taken in the last three semesters; (c) One course from the history requirement; and (d) one course from the distribution requirement (ESP or ELMMS). Either PHIL 0150 or PHIL 0151 is also highly recommended, and, like PHIL 0180, should be taken early in the program whenever possible. In addition, students must (2) give evidence of having used the training in both major fields, usually in an independent project or thesis, but sometimes in a seminar paper. Joint majors are eligible for department honors, if they do a two-term thesis.

Required for the Minor: A total of six courses in philosophy, including PHIL 0180 and at least one course at the 0300 or 0400 level. Minors wishing to take a 0400-level seminar must have completed three other philosophy courses first. Enrollment priority in 0400-level seminars will be given to majors. Students electing the philosophy minor should arrange to have anadviser in the philosophy department.

B. Requirements for students entering the College in Fall 2015 or after

Required for the Major: Majors must complete no fewer than eleven courses in the department, to include:

1. Logic Requirement: PHIL 0180 (to be taken by the end of the sophomore year)
2. History Requirement (to be taken by the end of the junior year; students going abroad in their junior year should complete the History Requirement prior to departure):
   a. PHIL 0201 or CLAS/PHIL 0275 and
   b. PHIL 0250
3. Distribution Requirement:
   a. one course in Ethics and Social & Political Philosophy (ESP); and
   b. one course in Epistemology, Language, Metaphysics, Mind and Science (ELMMS).
4. Upper-level Course Requirement: Three courses at the 0300 or 0400 level, at least one of which must be a 0400-level course. (Students may count only one cross-listed 300-level course taught by faculty outside the Philosophy Department towards their upper-level course requirement.0400-level courses will not normally satisfy the distribution requirement. Courses taken while abroad will not generally be allowed to substitute for the required 0400-level course.)
5. Senior Independent Research Requirement
6. At least two other philosophy courses, in order to fulfill the eleven-course requirement.

Cognate courses may be substituted for no more than two departmental electives, but will not satisfy the departmental distribution requirement; such substitutions require the prior approval of a major's departmental adviser, and must be at the 0200-level or above.

Senior Independent Research Requirement: Majors must complete a one-semester independent research project (PHIL 0710) in the spring of their senior year. Topics and advisers will be decided through consultation with members of the department. PHIL 0710 includes participation in the senior project workshop held for all students completing their independent work.

Departmental Honors: Students will be awarded departmental honors if and only if they receive a) at least an A- average in courses counted toward the major, and b) an A- on their senior project. Students will be awarded high honors if and only if they receive a) at least an A- average in courses counted toward the major, and b) an A on their senior project.

Required for the Joint Major: For the philosophy component of a joint major, students must take nine philosophy courses, including

1. PHIL 0180, to be taken by the end of the sophomore year;
2. One 0400-level seminar to be taken in the last three semesters;
3. Three of the following:

a. PHIL 0201 or CLAS/PHIL 0275
b. PHIL 0250
c. one course in Ethics and Social & Political Philosophy (ESP) and
d. one course in Epistemology, Language, Metaphysics, Mind and Science (ELMMS)

4. A course in which the student completes a senior independent project that shows evidence of having integrated the training of both major fields. (Normally this course will be PHIL 0710, though other models may be appropriate.) The topicand scope of the independent project is to be determined in consultation with both major advisers.
5. At least three other philosophy courses, in order to fulfill the nine-course requirement.

Required for the Minor: A total of six courses in philosophy, including PHIL 0180 and at least one course at the 0300 or 0400 level. Minors wishing to take a 0400-level seminar must have completed three other philosophy courses first. Enrollment priority in 0400-level seminars will be given to majors. Students electing the philosophy minor are encouraged to consult with faculty members in the Philosophy Department about course planning.

Physics is the fundamental science; it leads to our most basic understanding of the natural world and of human technological achievements. The physics program at Middlebury is designed to integrate physics into the liberal arts curriculum, as well as to provide challenging courses and research opportunities for students majoring in physics. Courses and student research activities in astronomy are also part of the physics program.

Courses designed especially for nonscience students are PHYS 0155 (Introduction to the Universe), PHYS 0101 (Physical Reality and Human Thought), PHYS 0104 (Chaos, Complexity, and Self-Organization), PHYS 0106 (Physics for Educated Citizens), and first-year seminars. Students majoring in the sciences in premedical and other professional programs, and others who desire a more analytical approach to physics, usually select courses from the introductory physics sequence PHYS 0109,PHYS 0110, and PHYS 0111. In addition, they may elect more advanced courses at the 0200-level or above.

For those majoring in physics, we offer a broad range of courses that emphasize a variety of topics in physics while building both theoretical understanding and experimental skills. Middlebury physics majors apply their education in a wide variety of careers. Some pursue graduate work in physics and related fields; others find their physics degrees valuable in engineering, medicine, business, law, teaching, government service, and other pursuits. The physics program is designed to serve the needs of both those intending advanced study in physics and those for whom formal work in physics will end with the Middlebury degree.

The physics department encourages its majors to study abroad to gain experience at international research facilities, learn different national styles of scientific practice, improve language proficiency, and pursue academic interests outside of physics. One upper-level physics course taken abroad may be eligible for physics course credit upon approval of the department chair; students are strongly encouraged to obtain this approval before going abroad.

Physics majors interested in obtaining high school physics teaching certification should notify the education studies program preferably no later than the middle of their sophomore year.

Required for the Major in Physics: The major program consists of eight required physics courses: PHYS 0109, PHYS 0110, PHYS 0111, PHYS 0201, PHYS 0202, PHYS 0212, PHYS 0301, and PHYS 0321; a minimum of three PHYS electives; and a one-term senior project (PHYS 0704). To be eligible for departmental honors, a student must also complete either a semester of senior thesis (PHYS 0705) or one additional elective beyond those required.

Electives must be chosen from physics courses at the 0200, 0300, or 0400 level, except that an upper-level physics course taken off campus or an advanced cognate course from another department at Middlebury may be used to satisfy one of the elective requirements. Acceptable cognate courses are CHEM 0351, CHEM 0355, CSCI 0202, and MATH 0335. For students completing double majors, courses counted towards another major cannot also be counted as electives toward the physics major. Mathematics at least through the level of MATH 0122 is also required; this requirement may be satisfied either at Middlebury or through appropriate pre-college courses in calculus. Independent study courses such as PHYS 0500 may not be used for elective credit. In addition to the courses listed below, PHYS courses that satisfy the elective requirement are occasionally offered during the winter term.

Prospective majors must begin the physics sequence no later than the sophomore year. Starting in the first year allows more flexibility in the choice of courses and senior work. Students planning graduate work in physics or a related subject should elect as many as possible of, PHYS 0302 (Electromagnetic Waves), PHYS 0330 (Analytical Mechanics), PHYS 0350 (Statistical Mechanics), and PHYS 0401 (Quantum Mechanics). In addition, MATH 0200 (Linear Algebra), MATH 0223 (Multivariable Calculus), and MATH 0225 (Topics in Linear Algebra and Differential Equations) are strongly recommended for those anticipating graduate study. Most physics majors will find computer programming skills through the level of CSCI 0201 extremely valuable.

Senior Program: The senior project (PHYS 0704) involves a significant piece of experimental or theoretical research to be completed in the final year at Middlebury. Topics in recent years have included work in astrophysics, atomic and optical physics, biophysics, condensed matter physics, cosmology, environmental applications, laser spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, plasma physics, and quantum computing. Outstanding performance in PHYS 0704 may, with the permission of the advisor, allow continuation of the senior project as a senior thesis (PHYS 0705).

Departmental Honors: A minimum grade average of B in physics courses is required of all honors candidates. To be eligible for departmental honors, a student must also complete either a semester of senior thesis (PHYS 0705) or one additional elective beyond those required. Honors in physics are awarded on the basis of excellent senior work combined with depth and excellence of coursework in physics. A student's overall accomplishments in the department, including teaching assistantships and leadership, are also considered in the awarding of honors.

Beginning in Fall 2014, the Physics Department will no longer offer a minor.
Required for the Minor in Physics: The minor in physics consists of at least six PHYS courses, at least three of which must be at the 0200 level or above, and at least four of which must be taken at Middlebury College.

Pre-Engineering: Some students study physics with the intent of eventually doing engineering, either through a dual degree or in graduate school. Students who pursue a physics major en route to a 3-2 engineering degree (in which the Middlebury component is completed by the end of the junior year) take the same eight-course sequence outlined above, with one elective chosen from physics courses at the 0200, 0300, or 0400 level; they also must complete a one-unit senior project (PHYS 0704). Four-year pre-engineering students (those who return to Middlebury for the senior year) take the normal physics major and choose electives in consultation with the pre-engineering advisor.

Advanced Placement:Advanced Placement: Students who seek advanced placement in physics should take the College Board AP examinations. Credit for PHYS 0109 is given to students who achieve a score of 4 or 5 on the Physics C: Mechanics examination.